| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | the production of offspring that doesn’t involve two organisms combining their DNA, instead one organism divides into 2 |
| autotroph | an organism that uses makes its own food as its source of energy Ex. Photosynthesis in plants |
| biology | the study of life |
| differentiation | a process in which the cells of a multicellular organism become specialized during development |
| DNA | the molecule that stores hereditary information in living things – deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ecology | the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment |
| ecosystem | environmental communities |
| evolution | the study of how populations of organisms change over time – natural selection – survival of the fittest |
| evolve | to change over many generations |
| gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a trait that is inherited |
| heterotroph | an organism that obtains its energy by eating another organism |
| homeostasis | a stable level of internal conditions Examples – temperature, water, food |
| multicellular organism | an organism with more than 1 cell |
| natural selection | the process of evolution by which organisms with are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more |
| organism | any living thing |
| photosynthesis | the conversion of light energy into chemical energy as food for autotrophs |
| reproduction | the production of new offspring |
| sexual reproduction | the production of offspring from the combination of DNA from two parent organisms |
| unicellular organism | an organism composed of only one cell, Ex. Algae, bacteria |
| cell divsion | the formation of two cells from an existing one |
| development | the process by which an organism grows |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes in living things that provides them with energy |
| control group | in an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group that it is identical to except for one factor |
| controlled experiment | an experiment in which the control group is compared to an experimental group which are identical except for one factor called the independent variable |
| data | information |
| dependent variable | the responding variable in an experiment |
| experiment | the steps to test a hypothesis |
| experimental group | in an experiment, a group that will test the independent variable to compare it to the control group |
| hypothesis | a possible, testable explanation of observations |
| independent variable | the factor that is being tested in the experiment that you as a scientist can change |
| inference | a prediction based on knowledge but not direct observation of a problem |
| model | a diagram to explain results as depicted by the data |
| observation | using one or more of the five senses to perceive objects or events |
| prediction | stating in advance the results that will be obtained from testing the hypothesis |
| sampling | a technique to collect data by using a small part, to represent an entire population, be sure the group is large and random |
| theory | a statement that is thought to be true with the support of many experiments producing the same results |
| compound light microscope | an instrument that magnifies small objects so they can be seen easily using two ore more lenses |
| transmission electron microscope | a powerful microscope that uses a beam of electrons to pass through a specimen producing a thin slice image of the insides of the organism |
| magnification | the increase of an object’s apparent size |
| scanning electron microscope | a powerful microscope that uses a beam of electrons to produce a 3D image of the surface of the specimen aka Scanning electron microscope |
| nosepiece | the part of the microscope that holds and rotates the objectives |
| objective lens | the lens that light passes through that enlarges the image of the specimen |
| ocular lens | the eyepiece that magnifies the image 10x |
| power of magnification | in a microscope, the largest value of enlargement |
| resolution | the clarity of an object, how clear you can see the details |
| stage | the part of the microscope that holds the slide |
