| A | B |
|---|
| Federal Government | Word describing those officials responsible to ruling the entire country. The power is centralized in Washington D.C. |
| Reconstruction | The attempt to unify the nation after the civil war which included helping former slaves gain rights as citizens |
| Black Codes | Harsh rules or laws imposed on African Americans in the south following the Civil War. |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | Government agency responsible for helping with the needs of freed slaves and poor whites after the Civil War |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Freed the slaves |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Gave citizenship and equal rights to former slaves |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Gave black men the right to vote |
| Election of 1876 | Ended Reconstruction with a compromise that allowed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to be president and brought an end to Reconstruction in the south. |
| De Jure Segregation | Separation of races by law. (aka Jim Crow Laws) |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Laws enacted by Congress that forbade segregation in public facilities. The Supreme Court later decided Congress had no authority in local matters, thus overturning deeming the act unconstitutional. |
| Civil Disobedience | the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. |
| Booker T. Washington | African American who argued blacks needed to achieve economic success before political seeking political equality |
| Civil War | Clash between the Northern states of the United States and the Southern states, mainly over the issue of slavery |
| W.E.B. DuBois | African American leader who argued that blacks must first have political equality to |
| Charles Houston | Attorney, who went on to be the lead counsel for the NAACP--worked his entire life to end “separate but equal” |
| “separate but equal” | The Supreme Court phrase at states segregation is constitutional, but only if it is equal |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Supreme Court case that ruled that segregation is constitutional, but only if equal facilities are available |
| NAACP | Organization committed to advancing the rights of African Americans through the courts |
| De facto Segregation | Segregation that is happening, but not because of a law |
| Due Process | Right given to all american protecting their liberty until legal proceeding have completed |
| Lynching | Mob killing, especially by hanging and without a legal trial, for an alleged offense. |
