| A | B |
|---|
| acid | ”Substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution; a proton donor” |
| ADP (adenosine diphosphate) | ”A nucleotide composed of adenosine with two phosphate groups; able to accept a phosphate group to become ATP” |
| amino acid | ”Organic compound containing nitrogen |
| atom | ”Smallest particle of an element that exhibits the properties of that element; composed of protons |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | ”A nucleotide composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups; important carrier of energy for the cell” |
| base | ”A substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions |
| buffer | ”Any substance that tends to minimize the changes in pH that might otherwise occur when an acid or base is added to a solution.” |
| catalyst | ”A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being altered or consumed by the reaction” |
| chemical bond | ”Attractive forces between atoms that cause atoms to be bound to each other” |
| cholesterol | ”Steroid found in animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver” |
| covalent bond | ”Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms” |
| dehydration synthesis | ”Process by which a larger molecule is synthesized by covalently bonding two smaller molecules together |
| denaturation | ”Loss of a protein's normal shape and function produced by disruption of hydrogen bonds and other weak bonds” |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | ”A nucleic acid containing deoxyribose and found in all living cells; carries hereditary information” |
| electron | ”Negatively charged subatomic particle with almost no weight” |
| element | ”One of a limited number of unique varieties of matter that composes substances of all kinds; consist of just one kind of atom.” |
| energy | ”The capacity to do work” |
| enzyme | ”A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction” |
| fatty acid | ”Linear chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an organic acid group at one end” |
| glycogen | ”Main carbohydrate stored in animal cells” |
| hydrogen bond | ”Weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and a nearby atom with a partial negative charge” |
| hydrolysis | ”Process in which water is used to split a molecule into two smaller molecules” |
| hydrophilic | ”A substance that is attracted to water |
| hydrophobic | ”A substance that is not attracted to water or is repelled by water” |
| ion | ”An atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge” |
| ionic bond | ”Chemical bond formed by the attractive force between oppositely charged ions” |
| isotope | ”Different atomic forms of the same element |
| lipid | ”Organic compounds formed of carbon |
| matter | ”The material substance |
| molecule | ”Particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds” |
| monosaccharide | ”Simplest type of carbohydrate with only one sugar unit; glucose” |
| neutron | ”Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus” |
| nucleotide | ”A structural unit consisting of a nitrogen base |
| Oligosaccharide | ”A short string of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis” |
| organic molecules | ”A molecule that contains carbon and other elements |
| phospholipid | ”A modified lipid that has a polar region containing a phosphate group” |
| pH scale | ”The measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| polypeptide | ”A chain of 3-100 amino acids” |
| polysaccharide | ”A chain of monosaccharides; starch and glycogen are examples” |
| protein | ”One or more polypeptide chains of more than 100 amino acids” |
| proton | ”Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom” |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | ”Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A |
| solute | ”Any substance dissolved in a liquid” |
| solvent | ”A liquid in which other substances dissolve” |
| .starch | ”The storage polysaccharide utilized by plants” |
| steroid | ”Group of lipids having four interconnected rings that includes cholesterol and several hormones” |
| triglyceride | ”A neutral fat molecule consisting of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid tails” |
