| A | B |
| Artifact | Remains such as tools |
| Culture | People’s way of life |
| Hominid | Human or other creature that walks upright |
| Paleolithic Age | Old Stone Age |
| Neolithic Age | New Stone Age |
| Technology | Ways of applying knowledge |
| Homo sapiens | Species name for modern humans |
| Nomad | Person who wanders from place to place |
| hunter-gatherer | Person whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods |
| Neolithic Revolution | Agricultural revolution that occurred during the Neolithic period |
| slash-and-burn farming | Early farming method that some groups used to clear fields |
| domestication | Taming of animals |
| civilization | Culture with advanced cities |
| specialization | Development of skills in a specific kind of work |
| artisan | Skilled worker that makes goods by hand |
| institution | Long-lasting pattern of organization in a community |
| scribe | Professional record keeper |
| cuneiform | Wedge-shaped writing developed in Sumer |
| Bronze Age | Time when people began using bronze |
| Barter | Trading goods and services without money |
| Ziggurat | Pyramid-shaped monument; part of a temple in Sumer |