| A | B |
|---|
| gene | Segment of DNA which codes for a specific protein yielding a characteristic |
| cell division | Division of one cell into two cells; mitosis and cytokinesis |
| interphase | Phase of a cell's life cycle before cell division. |
| sister chromatid | One of two identical chromosomes formed from one original chromosome during mitosis. |
| mitosis | Duplication and separation of cell's chromosomes. |
| prophase | First phase of mitosis when chromosomes coil up. |
| metaphase | Second phase of mitosis where centromeres align. |
| anaphase | Third phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. |
| telophase | Last phase of mitosis when nucleus reforms around sister chromatids. |
| cyokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during the process of cell division. |
| asexual reproduction | Production of a new organism without the joining of gametes. |
| budding | Asexual reproduction in which a portion of the parent separates to form a new organism. |
| regeneration | Ability to replace missing structures asexually |
| spore | Cell with a hard protective covering awaiting favorable conditions. |
| sexual reproduction | joining of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote producing a unique organism. |
| meiosis | Process whereby one diploid cell forms haploid cells called gametes. |
| deoxyribonucleic acid DNA | Nucleic acid that carries genetic information. |
| nucleotide | Basic structural unit of DNA and RNA composed of sugar, phosphate and a base. |
| replication | Process of forming two DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule. |
| ribonucleic acid RNA | Nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides. |
| messenger RNA or mRNA | RNA molecule that transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| transcription | The manufacture of a single mRNA strand from a DNA molecule. |
| protein synthesis | Manufacturing of protein inside a cell. |
| transfer RNA or tRNA | RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the mesenger RNA. |
| codon | Sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA molecule. |
