| A | B |
|---|
| digestive system | Takes eaten food converting it into materials your body need for life, repair and growth. |
| gastrointestinal tract or GI tract | Part of the digestive syste through which food traves. |
| alimentary canal | Same as the gastrointestinal tract. |
| defecation | The last step of digestion when waste products are elimnated from the body. |
| mechanical digestion | the breaking up of food by biting, tearing and grinding it into smaller particles by teeth. |
| incisors | Teeth made for biting |
| cuspids | Sharp teeth made for tearing food. |
| premolars and molars | Teeth made for grinding. |
| enamel | The hardest substance in your body covering and protecting your teeth. |
| dentin | Living portion of teeth beneath the enamel which can absorb shocks. |
| pulp | Portion of tooth where nerves and blood vessels can be found. |
| crown | Portion of tooth which you see above the gum line. |
| chemical digestion | When food is broken down into smaller particles by chemicals. |
| saliva | Begins the chemical digestive process in the mouth. |
| enzyme | protein substances that break materials down. |
| amylase | The enzyme of saliva which breaks down carbohydrates. |
| bolus | the ball of food formed in your mouth by the tongue. |
| larynx | structure in front of the esophagus or wind pipe. |
| epiglottis | structure which drops down over the larynx when you swallow food so it goes down the correct passage. |
| sphincter | Special circular muscle which closes off or opens up parts of the alimentary canal. |
| gastroesophageal sphincter | Sphincter muscle leading into the stomach |
| mucus | a thick, slimy liquid (snot-like) which coats and protects the stomach. |
| pepsin | Enzyme formed in stomach used to digest protein. |
| burp | When air is released from your stomach by the gastroesophageal spincter. |
| vomiting | Violent contractions which push food out of the stomach, back up through the esophagus and out of the mouth. |
| pyloric sphincter | Sphincter at the base of the stomach which slowly releases the chyme from the stomach. |
| duodenum | First foot length of the small intestine where the greatest amount of digestion occurs. |
| jejunum | The 8 ft. section of small intestines following the dueodeum where nutrient absorption occurs. |
| ileum | Last 11 ft of small intestines where nutrient absorption and water reabsorption occurs. |
| villi | Tiny finger-like projections (velvety) that line the walls of the intestines, where nutrients are absorbed into the blood. |
| liver | Organ which stores glucose in the form of glycogen as well as vitamins and minerals; it also makes bile. |
| bile | Fat digestive chemical stored in the gall blader after being produced in the liver. |
| pancreas | Produces insulin which controls sugar blood levels. |
| pancreatic juice | Substance which neutralized acid in the chyme and contains other digestive enzymes. |
| ileocecal sphincter | Sphincter muscle which controls liquid chyme between the small intestine and the large intestine. |
| cecum, colon and rectum | Three parts of the large intestines. |
| feces | The waste material that is evacuated into the toilet. |
| symbiotic | When two living things work together to benefit on another. |
| appendix | A small wormlike tube which provides a safe hiding place for your good, intestinal bacteria. |
| flatulence | The gas produced and relased from the large intestines due to digestion. |
| Renal system | System which produces urine. |
| kidneys | Organ of the renal system which filters blood, removing wastes. |
| ureters | The tube leaving the kidney, entering into the bladder carrying urine. |
| bladder | Holding pouch in your pelvic girdle which holds urine. |
