| A | B |
|---|
| solution | a homogenous mixture of substances |
| solvent | the substance in solution that is present in greater amount, water is consideried the "universal ________" |
| acid | a compound that releases Hydrogen ions, has a pH of less than 7 |
| base | a compound that removes Hydrogen ions from solution, has a pH greater than 7 |
| solute | a substance in solution that is present in smaller amounts, for example, the salt in salt water |
| cohesion | water sticks to water through hydrogen bonding, makes water sticky |
| adheson | water sticks to other substances |
| surface tension | allows insects to walk on water |
| hydrogen bonds | a weak force (the attraction between a slightly positive H and a slightly negative O in neighboring water molecules) |
| covalent bonds | a strong bond that forms between nonmetals, electrons are shared |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| ionic bond | a bond that forms through the attraction between oppositely charged ions, electrons are transferred |
| atom | the most basic unit of matter |
| element | one particular type of atom, it cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together |
| macromolecule | a large organic molecule made of many subunits |
| amino acids | monomers of proteins, have an amino group and a carboxyl group |
| fatty acids | monomers of lipids, can be saturated or unsaturated (double bonds between carbons) |
| protein | macromolecule that is a polymer made of amino acids, could have 1 or more polypeptide chains, CHON S, many functions |
| phospholipid | the main component of the cell membrane, has a hydrophilic head containing phosphate and a hydrophobic tail made of 2 fatty acids |
| peptide bond | the bond that forms between two amino acids in a dehydration reaction involving the removal of water |
| lipids | macromolecules characterized by being insoluble in water, CHO with little O, insulation and long term energy storage |
| carbohydrates | macromolecules composed of CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio, converted to ATP for energy |
| monosaccharides | the monomer of carbohydrates, simple sugars like glucose |
| polysaccharides | polymer made of monosaccharides, examples include starches and cellulose |
| monomer | small molecules that are subunits in the formation of polymers |
| polymer | a large molecule, or macromolecule made of many subunits |
| nucleic acids | a macromolecule polymer containing CHONP, nucleotides are the monomer |
| nucleotides | a monomer of nucleic acids, containing a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base |
| DNA and RNA | examples of nucleic acids, genetic material, used to make proteins |
| starches, glycogen, and cellulose | examples of polysaccharides, complex carbohydrates |
| glucose, galactose, and fructose | examples of monosaccharides, simple sugars |
| C | carbon, the building block of life, forms 4 bonds |
| glycerol | a monomer in some lipids, has 3 OH groups that can attach to fatty acids |
