| A | B |
|---|
| bioenergetics | the study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems |
| catalyst | a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (ie lower temperature) than otherwise possible without being changed by the reaction |
| energy transformation | a process in which energy changes from one form to another form while some of the energy is lost to the environment as heat energy |
| enzyme | a protein or RNA molecules that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| base | any compound that increases the number of hydoxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
| buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |
| capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
| cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance ina given quantity of a mixture, solution or ore |
| hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electonegative atom of one molcule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
| hydronium ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water, H3O+ |
| hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
| pH | the measure of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of an aqueous solution |
| pH scale | a range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system; each whole number on the scale indicateds a tenfold change in acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of less than 7 is acidic, and a pH of greater than 7 is basic |
| polar | describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends |
| saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
| solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| solution | a homogenous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
