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Unit 5 Periodic Table Vocabulary
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| Periodic Table | a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure appear in vertical columns. |
| Period | the name given to a horizontal row of the periodic table. |
| Group | a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. |
| Periodic Law | the statement that the chemical and physical properties of the elements recur periodically when the elements are arranged in the order of their atomic weights. |
| Atomic Mass Unit | unit defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12, the isotope of carbon with six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. |
| Metals | conductors of electricity, have crystalline solids with a metallic luster and have a high chemical reactivity. |
| Nonmetals | a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal and that is able to form anions, acidic oxides, acids, and stable compounds with hydrogen. |
| Metalloids | an element (e.g., germanium or silicon) whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals. They are electrical semiconductors. |
| Valence electrons | an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond |
| Alkali Metals | any of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table. They are very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides. |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | any of the divalent strongly basic metals of group II of the periodic table comprising beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium |
| Halogens | any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. They are reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen, from which simple salts can be made. |
| Noble Gases | any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table. They were long believed to be totally unreactive but compounds of xenon, krypton, and radon are now known. |
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Marine Science & Physical Science Teacher |
Kalaheo High School |
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