| A | B |
|---|
| catalyst | a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or significantly changed |
| bioenergetics | the study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems |
| enzyme | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; |
| aqueous solution | solution in which water is the solvent |
| base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions dissolved in water |
| buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution or ore |
| hydronium ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water, H3O+ |
| hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
| pH scale | numeric range that quantifies the relative concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
| solute | in a solution, that substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dissolved |
| solvent | in a solution the substance in which a solute is dissolved |
| energy transformation | a process in which energy changes from one form to another form while some of the energy is lost as heat energy to the environment |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
| cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
| hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
| pH | the measure of the alkalinity or acidity of an aqueous solution scaling from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline) with a midpoint of 7 (neutral) |
| polar | describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends |
