| A | B |
|---|
| CLASSIFICATION | GROUPING OF OBJECTS OR ORGANISMS BASED ON A SET OF CRITERIA |
| TAXONOMY | A DISCIPLINE OF BIOLOGY PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH IDENTIFYING, NAMING, AND CLASSIFYING SPECIES BASED ON NATURAL RELATIONSHIPS |
| BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE | LINNAEUS' NAMING SYSTEM WITH 2 LATIN NAMES |
| TAXON | A NAMED GROUP OF ORGANISMS |
| GENUS | A GROUP OF CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES: IS THE FIRST NAME OF THE SCIENTIFIC NAME AND IS WRITTEN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER |
| SPECIES | THE GROUP THAT IS THE MOST CLOSELY RELATED |
| PHYLOGENY | THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A SPECIES |
| CHARACTER | INHERITED FEATURES AMONG A SPECIES |
| MOLECULAR CLOCK | A MODEL USED TO COMPARE DNA SEQUENCES FROM 2 DIFFERENT SPECIES TO ESTIMATE HOW LONG THE SPECIES HAVE EVOLVED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR |
| CLADISTICS | A METHOD THAT CLASSIFIES ORGANISMS ACCORDING TO THE ORDER TAHT THEY DIVERGED FORM A COMMON ANCESTOR |
| CLADOGRAM | A BRANCHING DIAGRAM THAT REPRESENTS THE PROPOSED EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A GROUP |
| ARCHAEA | THOUGHT TO BE MORE ANCIENT THAN BACTERIA YET MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO EUKARYOTES: CALLED EXTREMOPHILES |
| PROTIST | EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS THAT CAN BE UNICELLULAR, COLONIAL, OR MULTICELLULAR |
| FUNGUS | A UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTE THAT ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS IN ITS ENVIRONMENT: HAVE CELL WALLS MADE OF CHITIN AND THREADLIKE STRUCTURES CALLED HYPHAE |
| DOMAIN | THE BROADEST OF ALL THE TAXA AND CONTAINS ONE OR MORE KINGDOMS |
| SYSTEMATICS | THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY |
| DICHOTOMOUS KEY | A KEY BASED ON A SERIES OF CHOICES BETWEEN ALTERNATE CHARACTERISTICS |
| ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES | STRUCTURES THAT HAVE THE SAME FUNCTION BUT THE SAME UNDERLYING CONSTRUCTION |
| HOMOLOGOUS CHARACTERS | PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS BUT SHOW AN ANATOMICAL SIMILARITY INHERITED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR |
| PEPTIDOGLYCAN | A POLYMER FOUND IN THE CELL WALLS OF BACTERIA |
| EXTREMOPHILES | ARCHAEA THAT LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS |
| EUKARYOTIC CELLS | CELLS WITH A MEMBRANE-BOUND NUCLEUS AND OTHER MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES |
| CHITIN | A RIGID POLYMER FOUND IN THE CELL WALLS OF FUNGI |
| HYPHAE | THREADLIKE FILAMENTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FUNGUS'S FEEDING, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTION |
| PARASITES | ORGANISMS THAT GROW AND FEED ON OTHER ORGANISMS |
| SAPHROBES | ORGANISMS THAT GET THEIR NOURISHMENT FROM DEAD OR DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER |
| LICHENS | FUNGI THAT LIVE IN MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIPS WITH ALGAE |
