| A | B |
|---|
| absurdism | doctrine that we live in an irrational universe. |
| agnosticism | doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena. |
| anarchism | doctrine that all governments should be abolished |
| anthropomorphism | attribution of human qualities to non-human things. |
| antinomianism | doctrine of the rejection of moral law. |
| asceticism | doctrine that self-denial of the body permits spiritual enlightenment. |
| atheism | life that there is no God. |
| atomism | belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particles. |
| bipartisanism | the state of being composed of members of two parties or the two parties cooperating, as in government. |
| capitalism | doctrine that private ownership and free markets should govern economies. |
| centrism | adherence to a middle-of-the-road positon, neither left nor right, as in politics. |
| collectivism | doctrine of communal control of means of production. |
| communism | a theory or system in which all property is owned by all of the people equally, with its administration vested by them in the state or in the community. |
| conservation | belief in maintaining political and social traditions. |
| deism | belief in God but rejection of religion. |
| determinism | doctrine that evens are predetermined by preceding events or laws. |
| dualism | doctrine that the universe is controlled by one good and done evil force. |
| egalitarianism | belief that humans ought to be equal in rights and privileges. |
| egoism | doctrine that the pursuit of self-interest is the highest good. |
| empiricism | doctrine that the experience of the senses is the only source of knowledge. |
| existentialism | doctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universe. |
| fascism | a political philosophy that exalts nations and often race above the individual and the stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition. |
| fatalism | doctrine that events are fixed and humans are powerless |
| feminism | belief in the liberation of women in society to a social stature equal to that of men. |
| gnosticism | belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge. |
| hedonism | belief that pleasure is the highest good. |
| humanism | belief that human interest and mind are paramount. |
| imperialism | policy of forcefully extending a nation’s authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations. |
| individualism | belief that individual interests and rights are paramount. |
| libertarianism | doctrine that personal liberty is the highest value. |
| Marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined, and that class struggle is needed to create historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism. |
| materialism | belief that matter is the only extant substance. |
| monotheism | belief in only one God. |
| nihilism | denial of all reality; extreme skepticism. |
| objectivism | a philosophical system founded by Ayn Rand, being one of several doctrines holding that all reality is objective and external to the mind and the knowledge is reliably based on observed objects and events. |
| pantheism | belief that the universe is God, that God is revealed in nature. |
| polytheism | belief in multiple deities. |
| positivism | doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowable. |
| pragmatism | doctrine emphasizing practical value of philosophy. |
| progressivism | the principles and practices of those advocating progress, change, or reform, especially in political matters. From Progressive Party, Progressive Movement. |
| radicalism | the holding or following of principles advocating drastic political, economic, or social reforms. |
| rationalism | belief that reason is the fundamental source of knowledge. |
| secularism | the concept that government or other entitles should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs. |
| self-determinism | doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself. |
| skepticism | doctrine that true knowledge is always uncertain. |
| socialism | doctrine of centralized state control of wealth and property. |
| solipsism | theory that self-existence is the only certainly. |
| stoicism | belief indifference to pleasure or pain. |
| transcendentalism | theory that emphasizes that which transcends perception. |
| utilitarianism | belief that utility of actions determines moral value and that the goal of human conduct is happiness. |
