| A | B |
|---|
| CYTOLOGY | STUDY OF CELLS |
| ORGANELLES | TINY MEMBRANE BOUND STRUCTURES FOUND ONLY IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS |
| CELL MEMBRANE | *support *protection *controls movement of materials in/out of cell *barrier between cell and its environment *maintains homeostasis |
| NUCLEUS | large, oval structure found in both plant and animal cells. It controls and regulates all cell activities. It contains genetic material. |
| CYTOPLASM | thick, jellylike substance found in both plant and animal cells filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains and supports the cell organelles. This constantly in motion. |
| ROBERT HOOKE | 1665 -English scientist that cut a thin slice of cork and looked at it under his microscope. To him, the cork seemed to be made up of empty little boxes, which he named cells |
| MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN | 1838 German botanist who determined plants are composed of cells. |
| RUDOLF VIRCHOW | 1858 - A doctor who stated that all living cells come from other living cells (part 3 of the cell theory) |
| ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK | 1673 Dutch naturalist who created a very powerful (for the time period) single lens microscope, He observed pond water. In pond scum he discovered small animals he called animalcules,or little animals (protists),and also discovered bacteria while examining scraping of crud from his teeth. |
| SEMI OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| EUKARYOTIC | An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| CELL | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| THEODORE SCHWANN | German physiologist, histologist, & zoologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of animal tissue (1810-1882) |
| PROKARYOTIC | A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles. |
| POLAR HEAD | PART OF THE LIPID LAYER OF THE CELL MEMBRANE. CHEMICAL MAKEUP IS PHOSPHATE AND IT IS HYDROPHILLIC |
| NON POLAR TAIL | PART OF THE LIPID BILAYER OF THE CELL MEMBRANE. MADE UP OF FATTY ACIDS AND IS HYDROPHOBIC |
| PHOSPHOLIPID BACKBONE | PART OF THE LIPID BILAYER WHERE THE HEAD AND TAIL ATTACH. MADE UP OF GLYCEROL |
| CELL MEMBRANE | *support *protection *controls movement of materials in/out of cell *barrier between cell and its environment *maintains homeostasis |
| CYTOPLASM | thick, jellylike substance found in both plant and animal cells filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains and supports the cell organelles. This constantly in motion. |
| SEMI OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| EUKARYOTIC | An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| PROKARYOTIC | A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles. |
| CHOLESTEROL | ONLY FOUND IN THE LIPID BILAYER OF ANIMAL CELLS. NOT IN PLANT CELLS. HELPS STRENGTHEN THE BILAYER AND DECREASES PERMEABILITY |
| CILIA | MULTIPLE, SHORT, HAIR-LIKE PROJECTIONS OFF OF MANY TYPES OF ANIMAL CELLS FOR TRANSPORTING FLUIDS OR PARTICLES |
| FLAGELLA | SINGLE OR FEW, WHIP-LIKE PROJECTION OFF A CELL THAT AIDES IN MOVEMENT. |
| POLAR | MOLECULE WITH CHARGED ENDS LIKE PHOSPHATE HEADS ON THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER |
| NONPOLAR | INERT, A MOLECULE THAT DOES NOT HAVE CHARGED ENDS |
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL | DESCRIBES THE ARRANGEMENT AND MOVEMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS IN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE |
| HYDROPHOBIC | CHARACTERISTIC OF FATTY ACID TAILS OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WHERE THE TAILS ARE WATER INSOLUABLE AND DISLIKE BEING IN CONTACT WITH WATER MOLECULES |
| HYDROPHILLIC | CHARACTERISTIC OF PHOSPHATE HEADS OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WHERE THE HEADS ARE WATER SOLUABLE AND ATTRACTED TO WATER MOLECULES |
| CARBOHYDRATES | USUALLY ATTACHED TO PROTEINS ON THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND HELP WITH CELL TO CELL IDENTIFICATION |
| CHOLESTEROL | PART OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IN AN ANIMAL CELL WHICH HELPS THE MEMBRANE BE LESS PERMEABLE AND PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHILE HELPING IT REMAIN FLUID |
| EXTRACELLULAR | ENVIRONMENT OUTSIDE THE CELL |
| INTRACELLULAR | ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE CELL |
| CHOLESTEROL | PART OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IN AN ANIMAL CELL WHICH HELPS THE MEMBRANE BE LESS PERMEABLE AND PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHILE HELPING IT REMAIN FLUID |
| SIMPLE DIFFUSION | SUBSTANCES PASS THROUGH MEMBRANE WITHOUT USING ENERGY OR NEEDING AID FROM A PROTEIN |
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION | SUBSTANCES PASS THROUGH MEMBRANE WITHOUT USING ENERGY OR NEEDING AID FROM A PROTEIN |
| OSMOSIS | MOVEMENT OF WATER MOLECULES ACROSS A MEMBRANE FROM AN AREA OF LOW SOLUTE DENSITY TO HIGH SOLUTE DENSITY |
| PASSIVE TRANSPORT | MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE WITHOUT USING ENERGY |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | USES ENERGY TO MOVE SUBSTANCES FROM LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH CONCENTRATION |
| SOLUTE | DISSOLVED IN SOLVENT |
| SOLVENT | SUBSTANCE IN WHICH THE SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED |
