| A | B |
|---|
The most important quality of an enzyme is its ___., 
| shape. |
| A protein whose shape has been changed due to heat or harsh chemicals is known as a(n) ____ protein. | denatured |
| Organic catalysts are known as ___.,
| enzymes |
| An enzyme ____ a chemical reaction without being changed itself. | speeds up (this also applies to catalysts in general) |
| Enzymes are almost always made of ____.,
| proteins (although some enzymes are actually made of RNA) |
| The chemical or chemicals that an enzyme works on is called the ___.,
| substrate |
| The part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into is called the ___. | active site |
| A(n) _____ is any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up. | catalyst (Remember, enzymes are just a type of catalyst. They are catalysts made of organic molecules) |
The letter "A" represents a(n) ____ for this enzyme.,  | active site, |
| The letter "B" represents a(n) ____., | enzyme, |
| The letter "C" represents a(n) ____., | substrate, |
| The reactant on which an enzyme works is called the _____. | substrate |
| Name 2 things that can denature an enzyme. | High temperatures and very low or high pH's (Remember, when an enzyme becomes denatured, the shape of its active site changes causing it to work poorly or not at all) |
| True or false: Enzymes can be used again even after they have catalyzed a reaction. | True (Remember, the enzyme doesn't actually react or change. It just helps other chemicals react by providing a good surface, the active site, for them to react on) |
| True or false: An enzyme like lactase which helps break down lactose (a.k.a. milk sugar) can also break down sucrose (a.k.a. table sugar) because both lactose and sucrose are types of sugars known as disaccharides. | False (Lactose and sucrose have different shapes so only lactose has the right shape to fit into the active site of the enzyme called lactase. Sucrose has a different shape and needs its own enzyme, sucrase, to break it down into the glucose and fructose monomers that make it up. Just about every chemical reaction in your body requires its own specific enzyme in order to happen) |
| True or false: All enzymes break larger molecules into smaller molecules. | False (Reactions that make bigger molecules by bonding smaller molecules together also require enzymes. For example, you use digestive enzymes to break down the protein in meat into the amino acids that make up the meat. But then you use those amino acids to build your own proteins out of those amino acids. The proteins you build might be muscle fibers, hormones, or enzymes required to build up larger molecules) |
