| A | B |
|---|
| hydrosphere | part of the Earth that contains water |
| latitude | shows location north or south of the equator |
| elevation | height above or below sea level |
| crust | Earth's solid, rocky outer surface where people live |
| lithosphere | the upper mantle and the crust |
| continental drift | the slow movement of the continents over a long time (eons) |
| magma | hot, fluid rock below Earth's surface |
| seafloor spreading | the moving apart of plates on the ocean floor that is caused by magma flowing up beneath the plates and then hardening |
| fault | a break or crack in the rock of the lithosphere along with movement |
| aftershock | many smaller earthquakes |
| seismograph | an instrument that detects, measures, and records the energy of earthquake vibrations at a given location |
| vent | a central opening where magma erupts when it reaches the Earth's surface |
| weathering | the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by natural processes |
| erosion | the picking up and removing of rock pieces and other particles |
| deposition | dropping off of particles in a different location |
| mass wasting | erosion caused by Earth's gravity pulling materials from high places to low places |
| moraine | the sediment that forms in front of or along the side of a glacier |
| relative age | a rock layer's age compared to another rock layer |
| fossil | the remains, traces, or imprints of living things preserved in Earth's crust from long ago |
| absolute age | the age of a fossil or a rock's layer in years |
| era | history measured in long stretches of time |
| divergent boundaries | where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other |
| atmosphere | layer of gases surrounding the Earth |
| compression | causes a reverse fault to form at a convergent boundary |
| convection current | can cause continental drift |
| soil | produced from the weathering of rock |
| caldera | a crater that forms when a volcano collapses into itself |
| weathering | the process which helps turn rock into soil |
| A - the youngest layer in a series of rock layers is at the top because it was put there most recently. | Where would you find the youngest fossil in rock layers? |
| They both occur at the edges of techtonics plates or plate boundaries. | Why do earthquakes and volcanoes often occur in the same geographic area? |
| B - because the boulders and rocks are more exposed to the forces of weathering. | In what kind of environment would you see rocks and boulders weathered faster? |
