| A | B |
|---|
| ars nova (Latin,"new art") | a term used for the music of fourteeth-century Europe to distinguish it form that of the old art (ars antiqua); it featurred new rhythms, new harmonies, and more complicated methods of musical notation |
| ballade | a secular song that tells a story in simple verse, usually repeating the same music for each stanza |
| buon fresco (Italian "true fresco") | the technique of applying earth pigments onto a wet lime or gypsum plaster surface |
| caccia (Italian, "chase") | a lively fourteenth-century Italian musical form that deals with everyday subjects, such as hunting and fishing |
| chiaroscuro (Italian, "light-dark") | in drawing and painting, the technique of modeling form in gradations of light and shade to produce the illusion of three-dimensionality |
| grisaille (French, "gray-toned") | the use of exclusively gray tones in painting or drawing |
| indulgence | a church pardon from the temporal penalties for sins/ the remission of purgatorial punishment |
| isorhythm | the close repetition of identical rhythmic patterns in different sections of a musical composition |
| round | a type of polyphonic composition that features successive voices that enter one after another, each repeating exactly the same melody and text |
| simony | the buying or selling of church office or prefeerment (See Simon Magus, Acts of the Apostles 8:9-24 |
| synocopation | a musical effect of uneven rhythm resulting from changing the normal pattern of accents and beats |
| condottiere | a professional soldier; a mercenary who typically served the Renaissance city-state |
| intarsia | the decoration of wood surfaces with inlay |
| sonnet | a 14 line lyric poem with fixed scheme of rhyming |
| aerial perspective | the means of representing distance that relies on the imitation of the ways atmosphere affects the eye-outlines are blurred, details lost, contrasts of light and shade diminished, hues bluer, and colors less vivid; also called "atmoshpheric perspecitve" |
| clavichord | a stringed keyboard instrument widely used between the 16th and 18th centuries; when the player presses down on a key, a brass tangent or blade rises and strikes a string |
| contrapposto | a position assumed by the human body in which one part is turned in opposition to another part |
| drum | the cylindrical section immediately beneath the dome of a building |
| harpsichord | a stringed keyboard instrument widely used between the 16th and 18th centuries; when the player presses down on a key, a quill, called a plectrum, plucks the string |
| imitation | a technique whereby a melodic fragment introduced in the first voice of a composition is rrepeated closely (through usually at a differrent pitch) in thte second, third, and fourth voices, so that one voice overlaps the next; the repetition may be exactly the same as the original, or it may differ somewhat. |
| interval | the distance between the pitches of two musical tones |
| lantern | a small, widowed tower on top of a roof or dome that allows light to enter the interior of a building |
| linear perspective(or optical perspective) | a method of creating the semblance of three-dimensional space on a two-dimenional surface |
| madrigal | a vernacular song, usually composed for three to six unaccompanied voieces |
| organ | a keyboard instrument in which keyboards and pedals are used to force air into a series of pipes, causing them to sound |
| picture plane | the two-dimensional surface of a panel or canvas |
| pilaster | a shallow, flattened, rectangular column or pier attached to a wall surface |
| tondo | a circular painting or relief sculpture |
| villanella | a light, dance like song related to the madrigal |
| volute | a scroll-shaped architectural ornament |
| word painting | the manipulation of music to convey a specific object, thought, or mood, that is the content of the text |
| anaphora | the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more lines of verse |
| call-and-response | a vocal pattern in which the soloist raises a song an the chorus responds |
| ethnography | the sociocultrual study of human societies |
| fetish | an object believed to have magical powers |
| griot | a class of poet-historians who preserved the legends and lore of Africa by chanting or singing them from memory |
| kiva | the underground ceremonial center of the Southwest Indian pueblo community |
| scarification | the act or process of incising the flesh as a form of identification and rank, and/or for aesthetic purposes |
| totem | an animal or other creature that serves as a herladic emblem of a tribe, familly, or clan |
| blank verse | unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, that is, lines consisting of ten syllables each with accents on every second syllable |
| chorale | a congregational hymn, first sung in the Lutheran Church |
| couplet | two successive lines of verse with similar end-rhymes |
| engraving | the process by which lines are incised on a metal plate, then inked and printed |
| essay | a short piece of expository prose that examines a single subject |
| genre painting | art depicting scenes from everyday life |
| picaresque novel | a prose genre that narrates the comic misadventures of a roguish hero |
| quatrain | a four-line stanza |
| woodcut | a relief printing process by which all parts of a design are cut away except those that will be inked |
