| A | B |
| gap | A low place between mountains. |
| pioneer | An early settler of an area. |
| consequence | Something that happens because of an action, |
| impressment | The taking of workers against their will. |
| national anthem | The official song of a country. |
| nationalism | Pride in one's country. |
| assimilate | Adopted. |
| dictator | A leader who has complete control of the government. |
| annex | To add to. |
| ford | To cross. |
| manifest destiny | Certain future. |
| cession | Something that is given up,such as land. |
| gold rush | A sudden rush of people to an area where gold has been found. |
| forty-niners | A gold seeker who arrived in California in 1849. |
| canal | A human-made waterway that connects bodies of water. |
| lock | A part of a canal in which the water level can be lowered to bring ships to the level of the next part of the canal. |
| locomotive | A railroad engine. |
| Industrial Revolution | The period of time during the 1800s when machines took the place of hand tools to manufacture goods. |
| cotton gin | A machine that could quickly remove the seeds from cotton. |
| interchangeable parts | Parts that can be made exactly alike by machines. |