| A | B |
|---|
| Toulmin Model of Argumentation | Because (evidence), therefore (claim), since (assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation). |
| Evidence/Data/Support/Grounds | Support for an argument or claim (Toulmin) |
| Assumption/Warrant | Common understanding about a claim and evidence that is shared by the speaker and audience (Toulmin) |
| Backing | Further assurances or data without which an assumption lacks authority (Toulmin) |
| Qualifier & Reservation | Uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in some cases to temper a claim, making it less absolute (Toulmin) |
| Rebuttal | Gives voice to possible objections (Toulmin) |
| Claim | Argument that is supported by the grounds (Toulmin) |
| Rogerian Model of Argumentation | Assumes that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating; focuses on compromise |
