| A | B |
|---|
| ad lib | as desired |
| bid | twice a day |
| gt | 1 drop |
| mL. | milligram |
| tid | three times a day |
| qhs | every night |
| prn | as needed |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| stat | immediately |
| ss | one-half |
| VIS | Vaccine information statement, given to parent or patient. when giving immunizations |
| Apothecary system | is considered to the oldest system of measurement |
| body surface area (BSA) | calculation of the child's height and weight, expressed as m2 ( meters squared) |
| Clark's Rule | most common law used in calculation of drugs dosage for children; based on the weigh of the child. |
| denominator | bottom number of a fraction |
| Fried's law | is applied to children under the age of 1 year |
| leading zero rule | the rule that states that you must place a zero before the decimal in a number less than one, such as 0.5 |
| metric system | most commonly used conversion system used for dosage calculations |
| pharmacology | is the study of medications and drugs, including the forms, intentions for use, and effects |
| proportion | comparison of 2 ratios |
| trailing zero rule | states that it is never appropriate to include a zero after a decimal point in a whole number |
| West's nomogram | chart used to identify body surface area to calculate pediatric dosages. Is the preferred method particularly for oncology and critical care patients and underweight children |
| Young's rule | is used for children who are over 1 year of age |
| adverse effects | require the patient to discontinue the medication because the negative effects outweigh the benefit of taking the medication |
| bioequivalent | having the same strength and actiion |
| brand name | name given to a drug by it's manufacture; with the first letter of the name generally being capitalized; also known as the proprietary name |
| broad-spectrum | are effective against large range of microorganisms, making treatment of specific illnesses easier |
| contraindicated | when medications have such dangerous effects that their use must be immediately discontinued |
| drug dependency | relying on medication or taking medication for psychological support |
| Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) | the agency of the federal government responsible for enforcing drug control |
| drug tolerance | a decrease in the effectiveness of a drug as the body gets used to having the drug in its system |
| generic name | the single identifying name, is typically noted in lowercase letters, and is considered the legal name for the drug |
| habituation | dependence on a drug |
| idiosyncratic | side effects or adverse affects that are specific to an individual |
| inscription | gives the name of the medication, actual ingredients and dosage |
| lethal | of, relating to, or causing death |
| over-the-counter (OTC) | non prescription drugs such as aspirin, cold medications, and antibiotic ointment |
| pharmacists | specially trained and licensed professionals who specialized in preparation and dispensation of drugs |
| prophylactically | are used to prevent the onset of a condition |
| side-effects | unwanted effects of a medication are tolerated because the benefits of taking the medication outweighs them |
| signa (sig.) | The latin term for "label". Provides instructions on how the medication should be taken by the patient |
| subscription | tells the pharmacist how to mix the drug and how much to provide the patient |
| synthetic | created in laboratory by artificial means |
| toxic | harmful |
