| A | B |
| irrigation | watering dry land by using ditches, pipes, or streams |
| surplus | amount produced in excess of what is needed |
| specialization | skill in one type of work |
| artisans | people trained in a particle skill or craft |
| social class | group of people with similar customs, backgrounds, training, and income |
| government | organization set up to make and enforce rules |
| fertile | good for plants to grow in |
| inhabitants | residents of a place |
| agriculture | cultivation of soil to produce crops |
| primary source | document or artifact created by a person who witnessed a historical event |
| secondary source | work produced about a historical event by someone not actually there |
| hunter-gatherers | people who hunt animals and gather plants for food |
| nomads | members of a group of people who have no set home but move from place to place |
| migration | process of relocating to a new region |
| technology | people's application of knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs |
| religion | worship of God,gods, or spirits |
| bands | small groups of families living and acting cooperatively |
| ravines | deep, narrow valleys |