| A | B |
|---|
| nationalism | the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather that to a king or empire. |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade in his literary works titled, Wealth of Nations. |
| John Locke | English philosopher who believed people learn from their experiences to improve while being born with certain natural rights that allow government to rule by the consent of the people. |
| Natural Rights | the rights that all people are born with- according to John Locke, the rights of life, liberty, and property |
| Rousseau | French philosopher that believed that man was corrupted by civilization. In his book, The Social Contract, he explains that people give up some freedoms in return for a good government. |
| Checks and balances | measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others. |
| Federal System | a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states. |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the US constitution, which protect citizens’ basic rights and freedoms. |
| Separation of powers | the assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government. |
| Imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially. |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit |
| Socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. |
| Conservative | in the first half f the 19th century, a European – usually a wealthy landowner or noble- who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe. |
| Radical | in the first half of the 19th century, a European who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people. |
