| A | B |
|---|
| Prophet of Islam | Muhammad |
| City where prophet lived | Mecca |
| Holiest site in Islam | Ka'ba |
| Angel that came to the prophet | Gabriel |
| Holy book of Islam | Quran |
| Islamic religious community | umma |
| Islamtic scholarly community | ulama |
| nomads of the Arabian peninsual | bedouins |
| __ was a continuation of Judaism and Christianity | Islam |
| leader after death of Muhammad | caliphs |
| first four caliphs | rightly guided caliphs |
| wars fought by Abu Bakr to take back in tribes after the death of the prophet | Ridda Wars |
| Assassination of ___ led to a civil war in the Islamic caliphate | Uthman |
| 4th caliph | Ali |
| civil war in early Islam over leadership | Sunni-Shi'a split |
| Any good Muslim could be ruler | Sunni |
| One related to the prophet should lead | Shi'a or Shiite |
| Early caliphate assassinated the leader and caused the fall of this empire | Sassanid |
| Major conflicting state to Islamic caliphate | Byzantine Empire |
| 651 the Islamic dynasty called __ was created | Umayyad |
| Early Umayyad rulers did not push conversion of new peoples because they wanted to collect this tax | jizya |
| Islamic art/ paintings banned | images of the prophets |
| These are the five basic beliefs of Islam | 5 Pillars: charity, faith, Ramadan, prayers 5x a day, hajj to Mecca |
| Muslim rulers and people persereved | Hellenistic knowledge |
| ship Muslim merchants created to faciliate trade in Mediterranean and Indian Oceans | dhows |
| Umayyads were overthrown by the __ in 750 | Abbasids |
| Early problem with Abbasid Empire | succession problems |
| Best ever Abbasid ruler | Haurn al-Rashid |
| Abbasid leaders clashed and developed ____ to fight for power | slave armies |
| Abbasid economy | generally very prosperous |
| Abbasids had __ to lead government and were both very centralized and absolute | vazir or wazir |
| Abbasid empire began to break down due to | governors not sending taxes, succession issues, slave issues, weakness and people breaking free |
| Muslims believe that all Muslims are __ and can achieve their religious goals in one lifetime | equal |
| holy war in Islam | jihad |
| dhimmi | people of the book: Jews and Christians |
| mawali | converts to Islam (not treated equal by Umayyads) |
| hadiths | stories of the prophet (some more realiable than others) |
| __ treated much better under Abbasids | mawali |
| Abbasids bought ___ to make repaires in field of Mesopotamia caused by the great plague | slaves |
| Ali Bin Muhammad lead this slave revolt from 869-883 against the Abbasid government | Zanj Rebellion |
| products of the Middle East | furniture, carpets, glassware, jewelry, and tapestries |
| skilled artisans and workers formed these to better manage their craft | guilds |
| wealthy elite in the countryside of Abbasid Empire | ayan |
| Islamic temple/ church | mosque |
| Stories from India to Middle East and some even took place around Harun al-Rashid's court | The Thousand and One Nights |
| These two practices started that hurt women during the Abbasid period | harem and veiling |
| 945 took control of Abbasids | Persian Buyids |
| 1055 took control of Abbasids | Seljuk Turks |
| Wars between Christian Europe and Islamic Middle East (1096-1291) | Crusades |
| 1071 battle where Abbasids (Seljuk Turks) took control of most of the Anatolia (Turkey...caused the Crusades) | Battle of Manzikert |
| Ayyubid leader who lead the Muslim advance during the Crusades | Saladin |
| Europe learned from Islamic world | weapons, fortifications, Arabic numerals, chess, dates, coffee, yogurt, troubadors, names of clothing (taffeta, muslin, damask) |
| Great Muslim thinker who made scientific discoveries: classifying all mertial substances | al-Razi |
| Muslim mystics who often spread the religion | sufis |
| Baghdad sacked by Mongols ending the Abbasid dynasty | 1258 |
| battle where the Mamlukes stopped the Mongols from further advancing into the Middle East/ N. Africa in 1260 | Ain Jalut |
| East and Western turks were lead by a | khagan |
| Which Islamic empires leaders often found themselves at odds with Islam | Abbasid |
| Abd al-Rahman III was the leader of | Spain-Cordoba caliphate |
| Eastern Roman Empire became | Byzantine Empire |
| Most epic of leader of the Byzantine: expanded empire, built Hagia Sopia, cought and survived plague, married and made Theodora co-ruler, codified the laws, put down the Nika rebellion -baller | Justinian |
| Disease hit and hurt most of Byzantine Empire around 600s | plague |
| Split between the East and Western Christian Churches in 1054 | Great Schism |
| movement to destroy artwork in Christianity in 800s -didn't want to worship the art | iconacalsm |
| Germanic empire that rose to power after the collapse of Rome | Franks |
| 496 Frankish leader who converted to Christianity | Clovis |
| battle between Muslim and Christian forces in Western Europe over control | 732 battle of Tours |
| Greatest leader of the Frankish Empire: expanded empire, encouraged learning-renaissance, and massively expanded Christanity-granted title "roman"emperor by Pope | Charlemagne |
| Dynasty of Charlemangne | Carolingians |
| leaders of France who took over after Carolingians | Capetians |
| Mamlukes | slave army |
| rates of literacy were low in ___ in the Middle Ages also known as the Dark Ages | low |
| Dyansty that reunified China in 589 | Sui |
| Sui ruler who reunified China and didnt trust Confucian scholars | Wendi |
| Bad Sui leader: unsuccessful military campaigns in Korea, conscripted many into military, and made built palaces and the Grand Canal | Yangdi |
| __ overthrew Sui dynasty | Tang |
| __ very popular in early Tang | Buddhism |
| Buddhist missionary from China to India | Xuangzang |
| Tang king who was almost overthrown in a rebellion starting in 755 | Xuangzong |
| Rebellion in 755 against Tang (Yan dynasty) | An Lushan |
| Tang idea splitting up land and giving to peasants-early on | equal field system |
| economic and political that was adopted in middle ages in Europe/Japan | feudalism |
| Dynasty that was a vassal to Tang China in Korea | Silla |
| Dynasty in Japan that adopted Chinese style | Taika 646 |
| Started Crusades-pope | Urban II |
| Kept Byzantine Empire from falling to Muslims | Greek Fire |
| Tang Empress who almost made Buddhism the official religion | Wu |
| Tang emperor who persecuted Buddhism 846 | Wuzong |
| Tang fell | 907 |
| Tang replaced by | Song |
| Song weak and taken over in the north by __ = southern song | Jin |
| Byznatine leader who conquered Bulgaria | Basil II |
| Byzantine Empire goverment is similar to | China -educated scholar in gov offices |
| 1185 in Japan these military leaders rose to power | shoguns |
| Tang-Song lots of technology | flying money, chairs, gun powder, suspesion bridges, coal, compass for sea, junks etc |
| Piece of literature from Japan | Tale of Genji |
| Power broke down in Japan: Nara, Heian period and went to | provincial families |
| copied China-vassal state | Korea |
| invaded across Europe late 700s and created lots of chaos in a time of weakness | Vikings |
| family who fell in 1200s making way for Muslims to rise in Indonesia | Shirvijiya |
