| A | B |
|---|
| ethos | refers to an ethical appeal that relies on the credibility of the speaker |
| pathos | In this method of appeal, a speaker tries to provoke an emotional response from the audience |
| logos | A speaker using this type of appeal supports his or her claim with reasons and evidence such as facts, examples, and statistics |
| controversy | public disagreement, argument |
| convince | persuade or lead to agreement by means of an argument |
| ethics | rules of conduct or set of principles |
| radical | extreme; desirous of change in established institutions or practices |
| tension | mental strain or excitement |
| facile | easy to make or understand |
| eviscerate | to remove the necessary or important parts |
| indigenous | native to a land |
| extortionist | one who obtains something by force or threat |
| insurgency | rebellion or revolt |
| reparations | compensation or payment from a nation for damage or injury during a war |
| recalcitrant | uncooperative and resistant of authority |
| adamant | inflexible and insistent, unchanging |
| connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning |
| Parallelism | the use of similar grammatical constructions to express related ideas |
| Repetition | repeating words and phrases to reinforce meaning and to create rhythm |
| Antithesis | juxtaposes sharply contrasting words, phrases, clauses, or sentences to emphasize a point, often using parallel grammatical structures |
| Rhetorical question | are asked for the purpose of drawing attention to ideas or changing the tempo of the speech; they do not require an answer |
| understatement | a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is |
| verbal irony | A character says one thing but really means the opposite |
| situational irony | This occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate |
| dramatic irony | This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of a story than a character |
| satire | ridiculing human weakness in order to bring about change |
| sarcasm | an often an exaggerated form of irony. It’s more obvious and meant to hurt someone. |
| irony | It is usually directed at a situation and usually isn’t meant to hurt. |
| loaded language | words with strongly positive or negative connotations |
| inductive reasoning | a method of argument in which the writer first presents evidence about an issue or problem and then draws conclusions from it. |
