| A | B |
|---|
| absorption | passage of chemicals across stomach and small intestine into the blood stream |
| acid | compound capable of donating a hydrogen ion |
| alveoli | small sacs in lungs where gaseous exchange with the blood occurs |
| anticoagulant | substance that prevents the coagulation or clotting of blood |
| artery | blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| base | compound capable of accepting a hydrogen ion |
| capillary | tiny vessels between arteries and veins that exchange materials between blood and tissues |
| catalyst | substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction |
| excretion | elimination of unchanged alcohol from the body |
| fuel cell detector | breath alcohol detector that uses a chemical reaction that produces electricity to determine blood alcohol levels |
| metabolism | chemical reactions that occur in the human body |
| oxidation | combination of oxygen with other substances to produce new products |
| pH scale | measures the basicity and acidity of a substance |
| preservative | substance that stops microorganism growth in blood |
| toxicologist | scientists that detect and identify drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues and organs |
| vein | blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart |
| catabolism | chemical reactions that break down chemicals in the human body |
| anabolism | chemical reactions that build up chemicals in the human body |
| Henry's law | there is a fixed ratio between the concentration of a volatile chemical in a liquid is at equilibrium with a gas |
| Breathalyzer | breath alcohol detector that uses a oxidation reaction that changes potassium dichromate to determine blood alcohol levels |
| Data Master DMT | breath alcohol detector that uses the absorption of infrared light to determine blood alcohol levels |
| Field Sobriety Tests | psycophysical tests to determine if suspect should submit to evidential breath or blood testing |
| horizontal gaze nystagmus | involuntary jerking of the eye as it moves to the side |
| divided attention tasks | test ability to comprehend and execute two or more simple instructions at one time |
| walk and turn test | subject must maintain balance standing heel to toe then take nine steps turn and return all heel to toe |
| EDTA | anticoagulant added to blood samples |
| sodium fluoride | preservative added to blood samples to prevent microorganism growth |
| 0.08 percent w/v | blood alcohol level deemed intoxicated for drunk driving purposes by federal law in 2000 |
| 0.04 percent w/v | blood alcohol level deemed intoxicated for drunk driving purposes for commercial drivers |
| Schmerber vs California | ruled that 5th amendment (self-incrimination) does not apply to providing physical evidence (breath test) only to testimonial evidence |
| acidic pH | pH values below 7 |
| basic pH | pH values above 7 |
| neutral pH | pH value equal to 7 |
| screening test | indicates the likelihood that a specimen contains drugs |
| confirmation test | identifies a drug to the exclusion of all other drugs or substances |
| GC, TLC, immunoassay | examples of screening tests |
| GC/MS | favored confirmation test |
| GC | gas chromatography |
| TLC | thin layer chromatography |
| immunoassay | monoclonal antibody identification of chemical substances |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
