| A | B |
|---|
| adelantado | highest ranking political, military and judicial power |
| andaluz | person from Andalucía |
| araucano; mapuche | Indian group from Chile & Argentina |
| audiencia | institutions responsible for law enforcement |
| cabildo | like a town council |
| cabildo abierto | general assembly |
| cacique | Indian chief or local political boss |
| capitán general | highest civilian authority |
| Casa de contratación | Chamber of commerce under Christian kings |
| Consejo de Indias | Admin & economic institution to oversee New World |
| Criollos | Spaniards born in new world |
| encomienda | Spanish settlers estates |
| encomendero | overseer or indians on estates |
| extremeños | people from Extremadura |
| amonestar | to reprimand |
| hidalgos | noblemen (lowest group) |
| mano de obra | work force |
| mestizo | person of mixed indigenous and Spanish descent |
| mita | institution regulating work in mines and public lands |
| mudéjar | Islamic-influenced art |
| reducciones | Indian villages created by missionaries |
| terrateniente | Large estate landowner |
| trazar | To sketch or draw |
| virreinato | viceroyalty |
| virrey | viceroy |
