| A | B |
|---|
| Weathering | Weathering is the breaking down of rocks. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces. The two main types of weathering are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. |
| Mechanical weathering | uses force and does not change the rock |
| Chemical weathering | uses acids and changes the rocks |
| Root-pry | When plant roots break a rock apart (a tree's roots breaking) |
| Landslide | When gravity pulls rocks, soil, and other material down a hill. |
| Frost Action | When water enters a crack in a rock, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart. (This is how pot holes are created) |
| Soil Profile | It is a cross section of the soil. |
| Top Soil | Horizon A- it is black in color because it contains humus. |
| Humus | It is made up of once living organic bits and pieces. |
| Sub Soil | It is Horizon B- it is brown in color because it contains little humus. |
| Substratum | Horizon C contains mostly rocks and some roots. |
| Stalactite | a stone formation that hangs from the ceiling |
| Stalagmite | A stone that builds up from floor of a cave |
| Column | Sometimes a stalactite and stalagmite grow into each other |
| Cave formations | Bacon, soda straws, draperies, and pearls |
