| A | B |
|---|
| the smallest unit of life | cell |
| molecules in a cell that contain genetic infomation | DNA |
| simple cells that do not have a nucleus; this type of cell is found in bacteria | Prokaryotic cells |
| cells that have a true nucleus and make up all other organisms other than bacteria | Eukaryotic cells |
| long, hairlike filament that some single-celled organisms use to propel them forward | Flagella |
| short, hairlike projections that some cells use for movement | cilia |
| network of very thin protein fibers that helps a cell keep its shape | cytoskeleton |
| used to produce and transport materials within a cell | endoplasmic reticulum |
| part of the cell that contains genetic information | nucleus |
| builds proteins by forming peptide bonds between amino acids | ribosomes |
| membranes that package and distribute proteins and lipids | Golgi apparatus |
| uses energy from food molecules to produce high-energy compounds (ATP); site of cellular respiration | mitochondria |
| Found only in plant cells; site of photosynthesis | chloroplasts |
| Dense structure inside the nucleus that is responsible for producing ribosomes | nucleolus |
| vesicles that store digestive enzymes and help rid the cell of worn-out organelles | lysosomes |
| vesicles that are used for storing water, salts, wastes, etc. | vacuoles |
| Cylindrical organelles that aid in cell division; only found in animal cells | centrioles |
| jelly-like fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus that fills the space between organelles | cytosol or cytoplasm |
| cellulose structure that surrounds plant cells and gives them support and protection | cell wall |
| The process of keeping the internal conditions in an organism stable | Homeostasis |
| The movement of materials into and out of cells | Cellular transport |
| The membrane that surrounds the contents of a cell and allows only certain things into and out of the cell | Cell membrane |
| A property of cell membranes that allows only certain things to cross by not others | Selectively permeable |
| The two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help to make up cell membranes | Phospholipid bilayer |
| Processes such as endocytosis and exocytosis that require some of the cell's energy to move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration | Active transport |
| Processes such as osmosis and diffusion that do not require energy from the cell | Passive transport |
| The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | Diffusion |
| A different in the concentration of ions or other dissolved particles between two regions | Concentration gradient |
| The state of having equal concentrations | Equilibrium |
| The diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane | Facilitated diffusion |
| Proteins present in the cell membrane that allow different types of substances to pass through the membrane | Transport proteins |
| The movement of water across a membrane | Osmosis |
| Dissolved particles | Solute |
| Having a higher solute concentration outside the cell and causing the cell to shrink | Hypertonic |
| Having a higher solute concentration inside the cell and causing the cell to swell | Hypotonic |
| Having equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell | Isotonic |
| A protein present in the cell membrane that helps to move materials into and out of the cell | Transport protein |
| Process used by a cell to take in a large particle | Endocytosis |
| Process used by a cell to release materials out of the cell | Exocytosis |
| living organisms made up of only one prokaryotic cell | Bacteria |
| any organism made up of of eukaryotic cells | Eukaryote |
| an organism made of a single cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus | Prokaryote |
| having only one single cell to form an organism | Unicellular |
| the process used by cells to release energy by converting glucose and oxygen into CO2 and water | Cellular repiration |
| a type of carbohydrate that is unique to plants, found in cell walls | Cellulose |
| a special organelle found in protists that pumps water out of the cell | Contractile vacuole |
| the six large groups into which all living organisms are classified | Kingdoms |
| a process used by plants; converts light energy, CO2, and water into glucose and oxygen | Photosynthesis |
| a temporary extension of cytoplasm used by some single-celled organisms to move | Pseudopod |
| the protein shell of a virus that surrounds its genetic material (either RNA or DNA) | Capsid |
| a living cell that is infected with a virus | Host Cell |
| the process some viruses use to reproduce where the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA to be replicated by the cell | Lysogenic cycle |
| the process that some viruses use to reproduce where the host DNA is immediately destroyed to make new viruses | Lytic cycle |
| a layer of lipids similar to a cellular membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses | Viral envelope |
| a tiny particle that contains RNA or DNA and can infect or kill living cells; generally not considered a living organism | Virus |
| a way of describing the structure and function of a cell membrane; includes the phospholipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| attracted to water or able to be dissolved in water | Hydrophilic |
| repelled by water or not able to be dissolved in water | Hydrophobic |
| having a partial positive electrical charge on one end and partial negative electrical charge on the other end | Polar |
| the state of having equal concentrations as molecules move into and out of a cell | Dynamic Equilibrium |
| the pressure at which osmosis (the flow of water across a membrane) stops | Osmotic pressue |
| the pressure created by osmosis as water enters into a plant cell | Turgor pressure |
