| A | B |
|---|
| Avogadro’s hypothesis | equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles |
| standard temperature and pressure (STP) | the conditions under which the volume of a gas is usually measured; standard temperature is 0°C, and standard pressure is 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm) |
| molar volume | the volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP); 22.4 L |
| percent composition | the percent by mass of each element in a compound |
| empirical formula | a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound; the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is HO |
| stoichiometry | that portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions; the calculation of quantities of substances involved in chemical equations |
| mole ratio | a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles |
| limiting reagent | any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction; it determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction |
| excess reagent | a reagent present in a quantity that is more than sufficient to react with a limiting reagent; any reactant that remains after the limiting reagent is used up in a chemical reaction |
| theoretical yield | the amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation; it represents the maximum amount of product that could be formed from a given amount of reactant |
| actual yield | the amount of product that forms when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory |
| percent yield | the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction |
