| A | B |
|---|
| frontier | an undeveloped area |
| Comstock Lode | Nevada fold and silver mine discovered by Henry Comstock in 1859 |
| boomtowns | a Western community that grew quickly because of the mining boom and often dissappeared when the boom ended |
| Cattle Kingdom | an area of the Great Plains on which many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s |
| cattle drive | a long journey on which cowboys herded cattle to northern markets or better grazing lands |
| Chisholm Trail | a trail that ran from San Antonio,Texas,to Abilene,Kansas,established by Jesse Chisholm in the late 1860s for cattle drives |
| Pony Express | a system of messengers that carried mail between relay stations on a route 2,000-miles long in 1860 and 1861 |
| transcontinental railroad | a railroad system that crossed the continental United States;construction began in 1863 |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie | (1851)a treaty signed in Wyoming by the United States and northern Plains nations |
| reservations | federal lands set aside for American Indians |
| Crazy Horse | and a group on Sioux ambushed and kill cavalry troops |
| Treaty of Medicine Lodge | (1867)an agreement between the U.S.government and southern Plains Indians in which the Indians agreed to move onto reservations |
| buffalo soldiers | African American soldiers who served in the cavalry during the wars for the west |
| George Armstrong Custer's | soldiers discovered gold |
| Sitting Bull | a leader of the Lakota Sioux |
| Battle of the Little Bighorn | (1876)"Custer's Last Stand" battle between U.S. soldiers,led by George Armstrong Custer and Sioux warriors,led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull,that resulted in the worst defeat for the U.S.Army in the West |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | (1800) the U.S.Army's killing of approximately 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota;ended U.S.-Indian wars on the Plains |
| Long Walk | (1864)a 300-mile march made by Navajo captives to a reservation in Bosque Redondo,New Mexico,that led to the deaths of hundreds of Navajo |
| Geronimo | A.Chiricahua Apache |
| Ghost Dance | a religious movement among Native Americans that spread across the Plains in the 1880s |
| Sarah Winnemucca | late 1870s,a Paiute Indian called for a reform |
| Dawes General Allotment Act | (1887)legislation passed by Congress that split up Indian reservation lands among individual Indians and promised them citizenship |
| Homestead Act | (1862)a law passd by Congress to encourage settlement in the West by given government-owned land to small farmers |
| Morrill Act | (1862)a federal law passed by Congress that gave land to western states to encourage them to build colleges |
| Exodusters | African Americans who settled western lands in the late 1800s |
| sodbusters | the name given to Plain farmers who worked hard to break up the region's tough sod |
| dry farming | a method of farming used by Plains farmers in the 1890s that shifted focus from water-dependent crops to more hardy crops |
| Annie Bidwell | one of the founders of Chico,California |
| National Grange | a social and educational organization for farmers |
| deflation | a decrease in money supply and overall lower prices |
| William Jennings Bryan | a candidate who favored free silver coinage |
| Populist Party | a political party formed in 1892 that supported free coinage of silver,work reforms,immigration restrictions and telegraph and telephone systems |
