| A | B |
|---|
| sedimentary rock | rock formed when layers of sediment are compressed together and harden |
| refinery | facility that turns petroleum into gasoline and other products |
| petroleum | the source of gasoline and other fuels |
| non-renewable | a resource that cannot be easily replaced once it is used |
| desalinization | process of treating seawater to remove salts and minerals and make it drinkable |
| Rub-al-Khali | world's largest all sand desert |
| dry farming | agriculture that conserves water and uses crops and growing methods suited to semiarid environments |
| aquifer | underground layer of rock through which water flows |
| rationing | making a resource available in limited amounts |
| monotheism | the belief that there is only one god or supreme being |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| covenant | agreement |
| prophet | messenger of God |
| caliph | successor to Muhammad |
| terrorism | violence used against people or government in the hopes of winning political goals |
| 5 Pillars of Islam | the basic beliefs of Muslims that influence everyday life |
| hajj | pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Makkah |
| mosque | Islamic house of worship |
| standard of living | the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community |
| secular | nonreligious |
| embargo | ban on trade with a particular country |
| subcontinent | a large landmass that is a major part of a continent |
| delta | area formed by soil deposits at the mouth of a river |
| atoll | circular shaped islands made of coral |
| lagoon | shallow body of water in the center of an atoll |
| Ganges | the largest river in India with an extraordinary religious importance for Hindus |
| monsoon | seasonal winds that blow steadily from the same direction for several months at a time but change directions at other times of the year |
| cyclone | a storm with high winds and heavy rains |
| varna | one of the four broad classes of human society under Hinduism |
| caste | in the Hindu religion, a social group into which people are born |
| reincarnation | belief that after a person dies, his or her soul is reborn into another body |
| dharma | duty in Hinduism |
| karma | belief in Hinduism that one's actions in past lives determine the spiritual level into which one is reborn |
| nirvana | state of perfect peace and an end to the cycle of rebirth |
| civil disobedience | use of nonviolent protests to challenge a government or its laws |
| boycott | a refusal to buy goods |
| dzong | Buddhist center of prayer and study |
| sitar | long-necked instrument with seven strings on the outside and ten inside the neck that provides Indian music with a distinctive sound |
| sari | traditional clothing for women in India |
| green revolution | effort to use modern techniques and science to increase food production in poorer countries |
| jute | plant with a tough fiber that is used for making rope, burlap bags, and carpet backing |
| cottage industry | home or village-based industry in which people make simple goods using their own equipment |
| outsourcing | hiring workers in other countries to do a set of jobs |
| nationalize | taking control of an industry or company by a government |
| ship breaking | practice of bringing ashore large, oceangoing ships that have been retired from service; they are cut into pieces, and then sold |
| consumer goods | products people buy for personal use |
| tsunami | huge ocean wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor |
