| A | B |
|---|
| Second Industrial Revolution | a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s |
| Bessemer process | a process developed in the 1850s that led to faster,cheaper steel production |
| Thomas Edison | inventor.His research center in Menlo Park,New Jersey |
| patents | an exclusive right to make or sell an invention |
| Alexander Graham Bell | in 1876 patented the telephone |
| Henry Ford | introduced the Model T in 1908 |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | built a lightweight airplane |
| corporations | a business that sell portions of ownership called stock shares |
| Andrew Carnegie | In 1873 he focused his efforts on steel-making |
| vertical intergretion | the business practice of owning all of the businesses involved in each sstep of a manufacturing process |
| John D.Rockefeller | very successful,Standard Oil Company was the country's largest oil refiner |
| horizontal integration | owning all the business in a certain field |
| trust | a number of companies legally grouped under a sigle board of directors |
| Leland Stanford | a business leader of the late 1800s.founder of the of the state'sentral Pacific railroad |
| social Darwinism | a view of society based on Charles Darwin's scientific theory of natural selection |
| monopoly | a complete control over the entire supply of goods or a service in a particular market |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | (1890)a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trust hat restrained free trade |
| Frederick W. Taylor | an efficiency engineer |
| Knights of Labor | secret society that became the first truly national labor union in the United States |
| Terrence V.Powderly | 1879 became a leader of the Knights ended all secrecy |
| American Federatiom of Labor | (AFL)an organization that united skilled workers into national unions for specific indusstries |
| Samuel Gompers | was a young Jewish immigrant born in London in 1863 |
| collective bargaining | a technique used by labor unions in which workers act collectively to change working conditions or wages |
| Mary Harris Jones | an Irish immigrant worked for better conditions for miners |
| Haymarket Riot | a riot that broke out at Haymarket Square in Chicago over the deaths of two strikers |
| Homestead strike | (1892)a labor-union strike at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead Steel factory in Pennsylvania that erupted in violence between strikers and private detectives |
| Pullman strike | (1894)a railroad strike that ende when President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops |
