| A | B |
| mosque | Islamic house of worship |
| martyr | person killed for their religious or other beliefs |
| apostle | pupil |
| pope | father or head of the Christian Church |
| caliph | successor or deputy |
| bureaucracy | major decisions are made by the gov't instead of elected representatives |
| inflation | drastic drop in the value of money, rise in price |
| secular | worldly |
| Messiah | promised deliverer |
| major domo | palace mayor |
| parables | stories with morals |
| Gentiles | non-Jews |
| mercenaries | foreign soldiers paid to fight |
| jihad | striving or armed struggle against unbelievers |
| Qu'ran | Islamic holy book |
| Middle Ages | time period between 500-1500 |
| hajj | pilgrimage |