| A | B |
|---|
| Parliament | the British legislature |
| mercantilism | the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys |
| boycott | the refusal to purchase certain goods |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter signed in 1215 by King John; limited the power of the monarch and recognied rights of the nobles |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688 the peaceful transfer of power in history of England: Parliament removed King James II from throne and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead |
| English Bill of Rights | 1689; gave rights to people in England; guaranteed free elections, the right to a fair trial, and made cruel and unusual punishment illegal |
| natural rights | (John Locke's Big Idea) rights you are born with-life, liberty & property |
| social contract | agreement between the people (the governed) and the government; People agree to give up part of their freedom to govt. in exchange for protection of natural rights |
| Baron de Montesquieu | philosopher who came up with "separation of powers"; his name has 3 syllables for the 3 branches of govt. Legislative, executive, judicial |
| Enlightenment | aka "Age of Reason"; 1700's & 1800's movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society |
| Mayflower Compact | document signed by passengers of Mayflower; created a direct democracy in the New World; also represents idea of a social contract |
| House of Burgesses | bicameral legislature in Jamestown, Virginia; also was the first representative democracy in the New World |
| salutary neglect | sometimes called healthy or useful neglect meant England did not strictly enforce its laws in the colonies |
| French Indian War | also called the Seven Years War between England and France; because of war debt England began to tax the colonies |
| "no taxation without representation" | slogan that summed up the colonists anger over taxes and the fact the colonies were NOT allowed to send representatives to Parliament |
| Boston Massacre | March 5 1770 British soldiers opened fire on a crowd killing 5 American colonists; event fueled the Americans hatred for the British |
| Stamp Act | a tax on printed materials such as legal documents, mail, newspapers, etc |
| Boston Tea Party | colonists some dressed as Indians sneaked aboard British ships and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor |
| Intolerable Acts | also known as the Coercive Acts; these acts (laws) punished the Boston colonists for the Boston Tea Party; the Boston port was closed to trade and a new Quartering Act |
| Quartering Act | part of the Intolerable Acts; act that required colonist to house and feed British soldiers |
| Common Sense | pamphlet written by Thomas Pained that was widely read in the colonies; said colonies should be free and independent |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord | "shot heard around the world"; first battle of the Revolutionary War |
| Second Continental Congress | meeting of colonial delegates in May 1775; a committee of 5 men were appointed to write a document declaring American independence |
| Declaration of Independence | the document addressed to King George II of England that declared American independence |
| Thomas Jefferson | main author of the D.O.I |
| John Locke | English philosopher whose natural rights philosophy was a BIG influence on Thomas Jefferson |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | 1st written constitution in the New World |
| Proclamation of 1763 | England said colonists could not settle new lands beyond the Appalachian Mts. |
| Articles of Confederation | our 1st government; lasted for about 10 years; created a "league of friendship" between the 13 states |
| Daniel Shays' Rebellion | a wake up call for Americans; Daniel Shays led a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers against the federal govt. under the AOC |
| Philadelphia Convention | aka Constitutional Convention; met May-Sept. 1787 delegates suppose to amend (fix) the Articles of Confederation; end up writing a new constitution |
| James Madison | Father of the Constitution; took notes each day of the Constitutional Convention |
| Thomas Hobbes | Big Idea "state of nature" (a society without laws or government results in anarchy, chaos) Thought the best type of govt. was an absolute monarchy |
| Voltaire | Big Idea "separation of Church & state" |
| theory of divine rights of kings | power goes from God to the King & the king does not have to give rights to subjects |
| right to revolt | John Locke; people have the right to revolt & overthrow a bad government |
| federal system | AKA federalism; A LAYER OF CAKE; division of power between different levels of govt. Framers created a strong national govt. |
| rule of propinquity | people who are closest to the President influence his actions |
