| A | B |
|---|
| thermal expansion | in increase in volume that is caused by an increase in temperature |
| opaque | matter that does not allow light to pass through it |
| translucent | matter through which some light passes through and some is blocked or bounces in new directions |
| parallel circuit | multiple paths along which current electricity can flow (Christmas lights) |
| primary color | one of three colors of light--red, yellow, blue--from which all other colors of light can be produced |
| series circuit | only one path where current electricity can flow (flashlight) |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| specific heat | the amount of heat energy, usually measured in joules, needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| law of reflection | the angle between an incoming light ray and a surface is equal to the angle between the reflected light ray and the same surface |
| static electricity | the buildup of an electrical charge, either positive or negative, on a material's surface |
| Doppler effect | the change in a sound's pitch if its source or recipient is in motion |
| refraction | the change in direction of a wave because of a change in the medium it is traveling through |
| wavelength | the distance between two waves' crests or two waves' troughs |
| current electricity | the flow of an electric charge through a circuit |
| heat | the flow of thermal energy from warmer to cooler objects |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the full range of wavelengths, arranged from long waves with the lowest amount of energy to short waves the highest amount of energy |
| amplitude | the height of a wave from its trough or crest to its midpoint |
| conduction | the movement of energy such as heat or electricity through direct contact |
| convection | the transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or a gas |
| pigment | tiny solid particles of primary colors, which can be mixed to produce all other colors |
