| A | B |
|---|
| genetic recombination | The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment |
| law of independent assortment | A random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation |
| hybrids | Heterozygous organisms |
| heterozygous | An organism for two different alleles for a particular trait |
| polyploidy | The occurrence of one of more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism |
| law of segregation | Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
| genetics | The science of heredity |
| phenotype | The observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair |
| recessive | A form of a trait that is masked |
| genes | The DNA on chromosomes arranged in segments: Control the production of proteins |
| meiosis | Reduction division |
| homozygous | An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait |
| genotype | The organism's allele pairs |
| dominant | The form of a trait that appears |
| allele | An alternative form of a single gene passed form generation to generation |
| heredity | The passing of traits from generation to generation |
| diploid | A cell that contains a 2n number of chromosomes |
| fertilization | The process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete |
| homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that make up a pair |
| haploid | A gamete contains a single set of chromosomes (n) |
| crossing-over | A process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| gametes | Sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes |
