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Scientific Reasoning, Logic, Nature of Science Vocabulary

6.1 The student will investigate and understand scientific reasoning, logic, and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which a) observations are made involving fine discrimination between similar objects and organisms; b) precise and approximate measurements are recorded; c) scale models are used to estimate distance, volume, and quantity; d) hypotheses are stated in ways that identify the independent and dependent variables; e) a method is devised to test the validity of predictions and inferences; f) one variable is manipulated over time, using many repeated trials; f) one variable is manipulated over time, using many repeated trials; g) data are collected recorded, analyzed, and reported using metric units and tools; h) data are analyzed and communicated through graphical representation; i) models and simulations are designed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena and systems; and j) current applications are used to reinforce science concepts.

AB
nature of scienceRefers to the foundation concepts that govern the way scientists formulate explanations about the natural world.
observationUsing all five senses to gather information.
qualitativeUse your senses to observe results (sight, smell, touch, taste, hear).
quantitativeMeasures quantity (numbers).
detailA small part of something, a particular fact or piece of information, exactly what is observed.
organismAn individual living thing.
investigationA search inquiry for facts, detailed or careful examination.
estimationApproximate calculation used when accurate measurement or tools is unavailable.
scale modelA physical representation of an object which maintains accurate relationships between all important aspects of the model (ratio).
hypothesisA possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question.
inferenceAn interpretation based on observation and background knowledge.
conclusionFormulated from data collection.
collected dataThe facts, figures, and other evidence gained through observation.
experimentA structured test of a hypothesis, a step by step process used to solve a problem.
variablesAny factor that can change in an experiment.
metric measurementA system of measuring based on the meter, kilogram and second.
graphical representationCommunication through a graph, chart, table, or diagram.
abstractNot applied or practical.
technologyCollection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishments of objectives.
distanceNumerical description of how far apart objects are.
volumeThe amount of space an object occupies.
independent variableThe variable you have control over, what you can choose to manipulate.
dependent variableThe variable you measure in the experiment, what is affected during the experiment.
evidenceAnything presented in support of an assertion.
scientific principlesA methodical process which seeks to determine the secrets of the natural world using the scientific method.
bar graphA graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
line graphA graph that shows information that is connected in some way such as change over time.
circle graphA graph used to visualize information and data, used to show the results of an investigation in a proportional manner.
chartA graphical representation of data in which the data is represented as symbols.
diagramA symbolic representation of information according to some visualization techniques.
modelVisually representing abstract concepts, order events or processes.
predictionForecast about what may happen in some future situation.
patternsDirect observations can be the basis for predictions or hypotheses.



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