| A | B |
|---|
| summarize | mentions main characters, setting, plot, and resolution in 3-4 sentences; kind of like a movie trailer or the back of a book |
| compare and contrast or similar and difference | usually has two things in it; includes transitional words like but, despite, however, larger, slower, similar, likewise, rather, .... |
| cause and effect | one thing leading to another like dominoes falling; transitional words include if, because, since, as a result, therefore, for that reason |
| chronology or sequential | usually include dates or a list that must be done in order: first, second, next, after, before, later, ..... |
| problem solution or question and answer | Usually starts with a definite problem that the main character spends the rest of the story trying to solve |
| stanza | a paragraph in a poem |
| rhyme | can be represented by letters; for instance, ABAB means that lines 1 and 3 rhyme while 2 and 4 rhyme; ABCA would mean that line 1 and 4 rhyme while the others do not |
| repetition | stating the same idea more than once using the same words or synonyms for the word |
| folktale | usually have animals; teach a moral; may explain how something started (creation myth); and, tends to use the number 3 |
| glossary | provides definitions |
| index | page numbers |
| table of contents | provides the main parts of a book; chapters |
| title page | author, copyright, date of publication, and who published it |
| appendix | at the back of the book; contains charts, graphs, photos, and other information that couldn't be put in the main pages of the book |
| correlative conjunctions | two conjunctions that work together; examples includeboth . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor not . . . but not only . . . but also |
| prepositions | show a relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word; can show where or when; examples include for, in, during, after, between |
| interjections | little words at the beginning of a sentence that usually stands by itself; huh, what, yes, ick, now, what |
| Commas | after YES NO or someone's name if you are addressing them; Example - Steve, what were you thinking? |
| italics when | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. |
| quotes when | The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. |
| dictionary | definition, pronunciation, and part of speech |
| thesaurus | has other words with similar meanings plus words that mean the opposite |
| atlas | book of map |
| almanac | books of facts about one year in time; may include a calendar, tide charts, temperatures, charts of songs, etc. |
| encyclopedia | provides a lot of information about a topic |
| homophones | Two words that sound the same but have different meanings; dear, deer, two, to, hear, here |
| simple sentence | Has a subject and predicate; Joe waited for the train. |
| compound sentence | two sentences connected with a comma and conjunction;There was a boy called Eustace Clarence Scrubb, and he almost deserved it. |
| complex sentence | A simple sentence that also has a dependent clause (fragment) with a transitional word; Because he was so small, Stuart was often hard to find around the house. |
| runon | two or more sentences that aren't connected with a conjunction or punctuation correctly |
| fragment | an incomplete thought; you feel like you are missing part of the conversatino |
| simple predicate | main verb |
| complete predicate | everything from the verb on to the end of the sentence |
| simple subject | usually the first noun in the sentence or the noun right before the predicate |
| complete subject | all words before the predicate |
| compound subject | two nouns connected by a conjuntion |
| compound predicate | two verbs connected by a conjunction |
| conjunctions | connect two or more things together; and, or, but, nor, either, neither, yet, so, |
| adverb | usually related to the verb; answer the question where, when, or how something occurred; may have "ly" on the end of it |
| modifier | can be an adjective or adverb that can be removed from the sentence and the sentence will still make sense |
| adjective | sensory detail |
| simple | one |
| compound | more than one |
| subject pronoun | can be used at the beginning of a sentence; i, he, she, we, they, it |
| object pronoun | can't be used at the beginning of a sentence; me, them, her, us, him |
| possessive pronoun | his, hers, ours, theirs, yours, mine, my |
| use "who" when | replace who with he, she, or it; if it make sense then use who |
| use "whom" when | replace whom with him or her; if it makes sense use whom |
| too | use this spelling when meaning "also"; I want go too (also); or, when you did something more than you should have; I am too tired. |
| fairy tale | usually begins with "Once upon a time" |
| antagonist | the person or thing against the main character |
| possessive nouns | They show ownership and end with an 's (if just one thing) or s' (if more than one thing) |
