| A | B |
|---|
| isotope | atom with the same number of protons but a different no. of neutrons |
| Acid | compound that dissociates in water and yields H+ ions |
| base | compound thaqt dissociates in water and yields OH - ions |
| hydroxide group | X-OH common in alcohols |
| amino group | X-NH2 common in amino acids |
| carboxyl group | X-COOH common in amino acids and other organic molecules |
| methyl group | X-CH2 common in organic molecules |
| aldehyde group | X-COH common in sugars |
| sulfhydryl group | X-S-H common in proteins |
| ketone group | X-CO-X common in sugars |
| phosphate group | X-H2-PO4 common energy carriers of cells |
| Monosaccharides | A simple sugar or carbohydrate which cannot be broken dwon ino sumpler sugars |
| Disaccharides | Double sugar or a combination of two simple sugars molecules, |
| Lipids | organic compounds that dissolve poorly, hydrophobic, (fats & oils) |
| Proteins | Complex molecule made of C-H-O-N sometimes P and S held together by petpide bonds |
| Primary Structure of Proteins | the number, type, and sequence of peptide bonds |
| Secondary Structure of Proteins | same bond angles repeated in successive amino acids which gives the linear molecules a recurrent structural pattern |
| Tertiary Structure of Proteins | Three-dimensional folding pattern, which is super-imposed on the secondary structure. |
| Quaternary Structure | manner in which two or more independently folded subuints fit together |
| Nucleotides | complex molecules made of nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group |
| DNA | chromosomes and genes main component |
| RNA | nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that lowers the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction |
| Coenzyme | metal ions or non-proteinaceous organic molecules that bind briefly and loosely to some enzymes |
| Cofactor | organic or inorganic substance, especially an ion, that is required for the function of an enzyme |
| Polypeptide bond | condensation reaction between the COOH group and the NH2 groups of amino acids |
| covalent bond | atoms share electrons |
| ionic bond | atoms loose or gain electons, held together by opposite charges |
| polar covalent bond | the charge is distributed asymmetrically within the bond |
| Hydrogen bond | single hydrogen atom is shared between two electronegative atoms, usually nitrogen or oxygen |
