| A | B |
|---|
| Triple Entente | Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
| switched sides in 1915 | Italy |
| Blank check | Germany's support for Austria-Hungary |
| Schlieffen Plan | Germany's prewar plan of attack-to avoid fighting a 2 front war (attack France 1st quickly and than turn towards Russia) |
| French Plan XVII | mobilize to the border-Alsace and Lorraine |
| Russian Plan | mobilize to the border of Germany and Austria-Hungary |
| Sarajevo | city that is in Bosnia (annexed by Austria-Hungary) |
| Archduke Franz Ferndiand | next in line for crown of Austria-Hungary. Assassinated June 28th, 1914 |
| Serbia | newly independent country in the Balkans |
| Why did Russia support people in the Balkans | wanted a warm water port and large slavic population |
| Gavrilo Princip | Assassin who killed Franz Ferndinand |
| Why was Ferdinand killed? | Austria-Hungary aggressive actions in annexing Balkan lands. Many were afraid it would continue... |
| Black Hand | Terrorist group from Serbia who killed Franz Ferdinand |
| Dual Alliance | Germany and Austria-Hungary |
| Serbia was given an ___ by Austria-Hungary | ultimatium (would have stripped Serbia of independence) |
| Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia | July 28, 1914 |
| Germany declares war on Russia | August 1, 1914 |
| Germany invades Belgium (it is neutral) | August 4th, 1914 |
| Great Britain gave Germany a ___________ after invading Belgium | ultimatium (leave or else you pull us into the war) |
| Western Front | Trench warfare |
| trench, airplanes, subs, heavy artillery, gas, and machine guns | new weapons of WWI |
| Bulgaria | in 1915 joined Triple Alliance (not Turks) |
| Ottoman Empire | 1915 joined Triple Alliance |
| 2 Front War | What Germany wanted to not have to fight- |
| First Battle of the Marne (Sept 1914) | trench warfare began and forced Germany to fight a 2 front war |
| Who had the largest army? | Russia |
| Tannenberg | Russia lost to Germany (1914) and the 2nd army was destroyed! |
| Russia (1915) | lost 15% of land, 20% of population, and had over 1 million P.O.W.'s |
| General Aleksei Brusilov | 1916-Russia defeated the Austrio-Hungarians as a military power on the Eastern front (but not Germany) |
| Valdimir Lenin | Russia exiled to Switzerland for his ideas that the Germans smuggled back into Russia to incite Revolution |
| 1917 | Russia left WWI |
| treaty of brest-litovsk | Russia officially left WWI in this treaty signed in 1918-cost them lots of land in Western Russia |
| Italy ended up fighting whom a lot | Austro-Hungarians |
| Verdun | 1916 battle in which the Germans pushed in France "They shall not pass" -France held on |
| Somme | Allied advance in 19416 -over 1 million men died for 7 miles of land!?!?!?!?! |
| Gallipoli Campaign | 1915 to get supplies and resources to Russia via the Dardanelles and Ottoman territory-not successful |
| Suez Canal | Canal in Egypt and the British protected it against the British |
| Jutland | Big naval battle-1916 |
| U-boats | German subs |
| Total war | everything is given to the war effort! |
| Lusitania | British passanger ship sank by Germans-100 Americans on board |
| Zimmerman note | Germans sent to Mexico to get on their side on the war. If they helped they would get back their lost lands from the American Spanish war!!! |
| USA joins WWI | 1917 |
| Lunderdorff offensive | last German effort to win the war-not successful long term |
| Nov 11, 1918 | armistice to end fighting in WWI |
| Treaty of Versailles | Ended WWI -June 28, 1919: war guilt clause to Germany, took their lands, buffer states, reparation payments, little military and weapons etc |
| first use of mustard gas | 1917 |
| buffer states | poland, lithuania, estonia, latvia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, hungary, and yugoslavia |
| Tsar of Russia | Nicholas II |
| 1905 | Russian Revolution-that started the Duma |
| Duma | Russian Parliament |
| soviet | worker groups |
| Tsarina Alexandra | German wife of Tsar Nichalos II-left in charge |
| Rasputin | advisor of Tsarina |
| March Revolution 1917 | ousted Tsar Nicholas II |
| Front | Where Tsar Nicholas II went to lead and left wife in charge of the country |
| Provisional government | it lead the government of Russia after the Tsar stepped down |
| women's battalion of death | women who went to the front to fight during provisional government to shame the men |
| intelligentsia | russian educated class |
| Mensheviks | gradual change to socialism |
| Bolsheviks | radical change to socialism |
| Vladimir Lenin | leader of Bolsheviks-smuggled back into russia by Germany |
| July Days | demonstrations against provisional government-19+17-met with violent repression-lead to bolshevik revolution |
| Bolshevik Revolution -1917 | armed soviet groups working with Bolsheviks took control of Russia |
| July 1918 | Romanov family executed by the Bolsheviks |
| 1917-1920 | Russian Civil war between White (loyal to tsar) vs. Red (communists)-communists won |
| Leon Trotsky | Bolshevik leader who helped Lenin and his party seize power in Russia |
