| A | B |
|---|
| Maritime based empire | Empire had lands across the ocean-like Great Britain -and the Americas etc. =England, France, Dutch, Spain, and Portugal |
| land based empire | Russia, Ming China, Mughal India, Ottoman Turks, and Safavids |
| Ming Reforms | bring back civil service exam, marriage only lower class, bare bottom beating for bad scholars, descrease eunuchs, exile rivals |
| Zhenghe voyages | 1405-1433- but then turned inward and focused on building up the Great Wall and became some what isolated |
| cannibalism | overtime the Ming grew weak and economically poor-things got back with peasants eating bark, exrcrement, and even turning to cannibalism!!! |
| Manchus | nomadic people who conquer China in 1644 starting the Qing Dynasty-high levels of sinification unlike the Mongols |
| Chongzhen | last Ming ruler-killed himself when Chinese rebels were climbing the walls to the Forbidden City (palace) |
| Ming | Chinese dynasty 1644-1911 |
| Treaty of Nerchinsk | Between China and Russia over expansion |
| compradors | professional merchants in China who specialize in import/export business |
| streltsy | professional gunpowder army started by Ivan IV (terrible) |
| Boyars | russian nobility |
| Times of Trouble | weak leadership after Ivan IV died (killed his son) and Poland invades-ended when the Romanovs come to the throne |
| Michael Romanov | 1613 became tsar of Russia and beat back Poland |
| Romanov dynasty | ruled russia 1316-1917- |
| Alexis Romanov | took more control from the boyars and moved out the Old Believers |
| 1649 | serfdom official-all peasants become serfs |
| Peter I | Great leader of Russia-Westernization Reforms |
| Table of Ranks | Peter the Great reorganzied Russian society based upon military service 1st!!! |
| Navy | Peter the Great created -1st time they had it |
| St. Peterburg | new capital on the Baltic built by Peter the Great |
| passing of the whip | marriage tradition ended by Peter |
| Christmas Tree and ballet | introduced by Peter the great |
| Catherine the Great | took over Poland and expanded land like Peter I-took control of throne from her husband Peter III |
| goal of russia | warm water port |
| Poland | partitioned between Russia, Austria, and Prussia (1772-1795) |
| Alaska | Russia had lots of trading activities there |
| viceroys | how the Spanish governed their empire |
| Indies Council | Headed by the King to run the colonies in the Americas |
| Sociedad de Castas | social system based upon ethnicity and race in the Americas: peninsulars, creoles, mestizo, mulatto etc |
| War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714) | conflict over the throne of Spain...French would rise to take-Bourbons take (King Philip V) and hence the Bourbon reforms |
| Bourbon Reforms | goal to make economy stronger in the new world and limit creole power-made many in the Americas upset and lead to the beginnings of independence movements |
| Divine Right Kingship Theory | king was put there by God and only God can judge! Legitimized absolutism by kings in Europe. |
| bourgeosie | newly wealth-professionals like lawyers and doctors. They became leaders in government under king. loyal to king and not government then. |
| Louis XIV | most absolute king in France-built Versailles |
| Hollenzollern | leaders of Prussia |
| junkers | nobles of Prussia |
| War of Austrian succession | 1740-48-maria theresa came to the throne and Prussia fought -wanted soem of hteir lands. |
| Magna Carta | 1215-rights of nobles-King John signed after a problem witht the pope |
| Parliament | group in England who worked with the king to approve taxes |
| Kings Great Matter | King Henry VIII was married and got another woman pregnant |
| One Hundred Years' War | 1337-1453-war between France and Great Britain over land/ succession-France continued as a country |
| War of the Roses | 1455-1485 civil war in England and the Tudors came to power |
| Queen Mary Tudor | Daughter of King Henry VIII who rose to power after his death (and her bro's Edward)-died in child birth. But made the country Catholic again. |
| Queen Elizabeth 1 | Became queen and returned country to Protestantism-ruled many years and was wealthy from selling off church property-no children |
| Anglican Church | Church of Englang |
| Stuarts | next family after tudors to rule England |
| King James I | first stuart king and made a bible in Latin |
| Parliament | group who approved taxes and the Stuarts had many problem with them |
| Charles I | Stuard-son of James I-English Civil War (1640s) |
| English Civil War | between parliament and the King 1640s-at one point become a military revolution-king eventually put on trial and killed in 1649 for making war on his people-treason |
| Oliver Cromwell | Lord Protector and leader of England during the non-monarichal point |
| Glorious Restoration | 1660-King Charles I son asked to rule again-after death of Cromwell |
| Glorious Revolution | Bloodless coup of Catholic James II of England in favor of his child and her husband (William and Mary)-agreed to be constitutional monarchs and stay out of religion (1688-89) |
| Siberia | taken over by Russia in expansion activities |
| Khoisan | South Africans who were nomadic peoples-eventually forced into farm labor and servitude by Dutch (Afrikaners or Boers) |
| 1652 | Dutch take over South Africa |
| Scientific Revolution | New gains in intellectual activities in Europe-things like Heliocentrism: Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton |
| Enlightenment | Intellectual activity in Europe where people began to think differently-does god exist, what form of government is the best, is mankind evil???? Hobbs, Locke, Voltaire, Rosseau, Montesquieu |
