| A | B |
|---|
| Omar Khayyam | a Muslim poet, mathematician, and astronomer |
| caliph | a Muslim ruler |
| Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |
| Muhammad | the prophet and founder of Islam |
| nomads | people with no permanent home, who move from place to place in search of food, water, or pasture |
| caravan | a group of traders traveling together for safety |
| Mecca | an Arabian trading center and Muhammad's birthplace |
| Muslim | a follower of Islam |
| mosque | a Muslim house of worship |
| Quran | the holy book of Islam |
| Constantinople | the capital of the eastern Roman Empire and later of the Byzantine Empire |
| Constantine | an emperor of the Roman Empire and founder of Constantinople |
| Justinian | one of the greatest Byzantine emperors |
| Justinian's Code | an organized collection and explanation of Roman laws for use by the Byzantine Empire |
| schism | a split, particularly in a church or religion |
