| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
| centrosome / centriole | an organelle that is composed of microtubules and has an active role in mitosis |
| cleavage furrow | in an animal cell, the area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually divides the cell into two |
| cloning | a process in which a cell, cell product, or organism is copied from its original source |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
| G1 phase | the first phase of interphase, offspring cells grow to mature size |
| G2 phase | the last phase of interphase, cell prepares for division |
| G0 phase | a state when cells exit the cell cycle and cells do not copy DNA and do not divide |
| gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid cell to form a zygote |
| genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic make-up that is different from the parents |
| independent assortment | the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
| kinetochore fiber | a type of spindle fiber that extends from the centrosomes and attaches to each chromatid |
| mitotic spindle | all of the spindle fibers used to divide the chromatids between two cells during cell division |
| nondisjunction | the failure of homologus chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II |
| oogenesis | the production, growth or maturation of an egg, ovum |
| polar body | a short lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis |
| polar fiber | a type of spindle fiber that extends across the dividing cell from centrosome to centrosome but do not attach to the chromosomes |
| S phase | a phase of interphase during which DNA is synthesized (copied) |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction from which gametes from two parents unite |
| spermatogenesis | the process by which male gametes form |
| spindle fiber | one of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists int he movement of chromosomes |
| synapsis | the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
| tetrad | the four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis |
