| A | B |
|---|
| expedition | journey for a special purpose |
| Taino | group renamed "Indians" |
| colony | settlement far from the home country |
| Columbian Exchange | movement of various items between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres |
| Moctezuma | ruler of the Aztecs |
| conquistadors | group of Spanish soldiers; conquerors |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital |
| conquest | the capture or taking of something by force |
| New Spain | colony established by New Spain in 1535 |
| Mexico City | the capital of New Spain |
| Atahualpa | Incan ruler captured by Pizarro |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incans |
| Cuzco | Incan capital captured by Pizarro's forces |
| Lima | new Incan capital in a colony called Peru |
| society | group of people forming a community |
| plantations | large farms with workers who lived and worked there |
| encomienda | grant that gave control of all native peoples who lived on an area of land |
| peninsulares | group at the top of New Spain's social ladder; people born in Spain |
| creoles | people of Spanish background born in the Americas |
| mestizos | people with Spanish and Indian background |
| missionary | priest who teaches their religion to others who have different beliefs |
| mission | religious settlement where missionaries live and work |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish priest who spoke out against the treatment of native peoples |
| Hispaniola | Caribbean island where enslaved Africans were brought in 1512 |
