| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | a change in an organism's DNA |
| pedigree | a chart that traces the history of a trait within a particular family |
| variation | a difference among members of the same species that enable individuals to better to survive and reproduce |
| hemophilia | a disorder where blood does not clot properly |
| down syndrome | a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 |
| acquired trait | a trait influenced by experience or the environment |
| genetic engineering | a way of intentionally changing a genetic sequence in DNA so that a particular trait is produced |
| genotype | all the genes that are inherited by an organism |
| hybrid | an organism produced by the crossing of parents that have two different forms of the same trait |
| clone | an organism that receives all of its DNA from one parent and is genetically identical to the parent |
| genome | consists of all the DNA that makes up an organism |
| selective breeding | mating certain organisms in order to promote offspring with desirable traits |
| natural selection | occurs when the organisms that are best suited to their environments survive and reproduce successfully |
| carrier | one who has inherited the gene for a particular trait but does not show that trait |
| purebred | organisms that always produce offspring with the same traits |
| gene splicing | takes genes from one organism and adds them to the genes of another organism |
| dominate trait | the form of an inherited trait that masks the other form of the same trait |
| recessive trait | the hidden form of an inherited trait which only shows in the phenotype if it is paired with another recessive trait |
| phenotype | the way in which a genotype is expressed, or shown, in an organism |
| Punnett squares | used to predict the possible outcomes of genetic crosses |
