| A | B |
|---|
| stimulus | something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism |
| response | the reaction to a stimulus |
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain a stable internal environment |
| eukaryotic cells | cells that contain a nucleus |
| prokaryotic cells | cells that lack a nucleus |
| unicellular | an organism that consists of only one cell |
| multicellular | an organism that is made up of more than one cell |
| mitosis | the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells |
| cytokinesis | the cytoplasm splits apart and the cell pinches in two |
| sexual reproduction | the process by which two organisms make offspring |
| asexual reproduction | the process by which one organisms makes offspring |
| gamete | a special cell that each parent contributes to the offspring (sperm or egg) |
| zygote | the initial cell formed when two gametes join together |
| fertilization | the process of two gametes joining together |
| meiosis | a special type of cell division that produces gametes |
| dominant | the trait that is observed when parents that have different traits are bred |
| recessive trait | the trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles are inherited |
| homozygous | an organism that has two alleles of the same type |
| heterozygous | an organism that has two different alleles |
| genotype | both alleles that an individual inherits |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance due to its genes |
| cell membrane | a layer that covers the surface of a cell and ocntrols what enters and exits the cell |
| chloroplast | the organelle found in plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs |
| mitochondrion (mitochrondria) | the cell organelle where cellular respiration occurs (the powerhouse of the cell) |
| nucleus | the cell organelle that contains the DNA in eukaryoitc cells and controls the cell functions |
| organelle | one of the small parts inside a cell |
| allele | one of the variations of a gene that controls a trait, like eye color |
| cell wall | the organelle found in plant cells that supports the cell |
| DNA | a very large molecule that stores genetic information |
| gene | segments of DNA that contain instructions for certain traits |
| ribosomes | a cell organelle that makes proteins and is present in every cell |
| Punnett square | a tool used to determine the possible combinations of offspring from parents |
| interphase | the part of the cell cycle when DNA replicates |
| metaphase | the phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell ont he spindle fibers |
| anaphase | the phase of mitosis when the chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | the phase of mitosis when the nuclear membrane reappears and the cell membrane starts to pinch in |
