| A | B |
|---|
| Fort Sumter | Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina, that was attacked by the Confederates in April 1861, sparking the Civil War |
| Border States | Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri; slave states that lay between the North and the South and did not join the Confederacy |
| Cotton Diplomacy | Confederate efforts to use the importance of southern cotton to Britain's textile industry to persuade the British to support the Confederacy in the Civil War |
| First Battle of Bull Run | First major battle of the Vivil War, resulting in a Confederate victory in Virginia; showed that the Vivil War would not be won easily |
| Seven Days Battles | Series of Civil War battles in which the Confederate army successfully forced the Union army to retreat from southeast Virginia |
| Second Battle of Bull Run | Civil War battle in which the Confederate army defeated another Union advance on Richmond, Virginia |
| Battle of Antietam | Union victory in Maryland during the Civil War that marked the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history |
| Ironclads | Warships heavily armored with iron |
| Battle of Shiloh | Civil War battle in Tennessee in which the Union army gained greater controll over the Mississippi River valley |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Union army's six-week blockade of Vicksburg that led the city to surrender during the Civil War |
| Battle of Pea Ridge | Civil war battle in northwest Arkansas in which the Union army defeated pro-Confederate Missourians |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Order announced by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 taht freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863 |
| Contrabands | Escaped or captured slaves taken in by the Union Army during the Civil War |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who opposed abolition and symphathized with the South in the Civil War |
| Habeas Corpus | Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, during the Civil war that turned the tide against the Confederates; resulted in the loss of more than 500,000 soldiers |
| Pickett's Charge | Failed Confederate attack led by General George Pickett at the Battle of Gettysburg |
| Gettysburg Address | Speech given by Abraham Lincoln in which he praised Union soldiers' bravery and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War |
| Total war | Type of war in which an army destroys its opponent's ability to fight by attacking civilian, economic, and military targets |
