| A | B |
|---|
| age-structure pyramid | graphical representations of populations' ages |
| biotic potential | the amount that the population would grow if there were unlimted resrouces in its environment |
| birth rate (crude birth rate) | the number of live births per 1,000 members of the population in a year |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources in a region |
| death rate (crude death rate) | is equal to the number of deaths per 1.000 members of a the population in a year |
| demographic transition model | a model that's used to predict population trends based on the birth and death rates as well as economic status of a population |
| ecological footprint | the amount of the earth's surface that's required to supply the needs of and dispose of the waste from a particular population |
| emigration | the movement of individuals out of a population |
| genetic drift | the random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to change, rather than natural selection |
| immigration | the movement of individuals into a population |
| K-selected species | organisms that reproduce later in life, produce fewer offspring, and devote significant time and energy to the nurturing of their offspring |
| logistic population growth | when a population is well below the size dictated by the carrying capacity of its region, it will grow exponentially, but as it approaches the carrying capacity, its growth rate will decrease and the size of the population will eventually become stable |
| population density | the number of children of a population that inhabit a certain unit of land or water area |
| replacement birth rate | the number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves |
| r-selected | organisms that reproduce early in life and often and have a high capacity for reproductive growth |
| total fertility rate | the number of children an average woman will bear during her lifetime |
| population dispersion | refers to how individuals of a population are spaced within a region |
| rule of 70 | the time it takes for a population to double can be approximated by dividing 70 by the current growth rate of the population |
| boom-and-bust cycle | rapid increase in the population and then an equally rapid drop off |
| density-dependent factor | birth and death rates are influenced by the density of the population |
| density-independent factor | factors that will change the population #s regardless of the initial population size |
| pre-reproductive | 0-14 |
| reproductive | 15-44 |
| post-reproductive | 45 and older |
| demographic transition model | used to predict population trends based on the birth and death rates of a population |
| pre-industrial | population exhibits a slow rate of growth and has a high birth rate and high death rate because of harsh living conditions |
| transitional state | birth rates are high, but due to better food, water, and health care, death rates decline. This allows for rapid population growth |
| industrial state | population growth is still fairly high, but due the birth rate drops, becoming similar to death rates. |
| post-industrial state | Populations approaches and reaches a zero growth rate |
| urban sprawl | emigration of people out of the city and into the suburbs |
