| A | B |
|---|
| achievement motivation | The psychological need in humans for success. |
| emotion | Positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physiological arousal and related behavior. |
| extrinsic motivation | Human motives activated by external rewards. |
| frustration-aggression theory | The theory that aggression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motives. |
| hypothalamus | The part of the forebrain involved with motives, emotions, and the functions of the autonomic nervous system. |
| incentives | External cues that activate motives. |
| insulin | A hormone that reduces the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. |
| intrinsic motivation | Human motives stimulated by the inherent nature of the activity or its natural consequences. |
| lateral hypothalamus | A portion of the hypothalamus involved in feeling hungry and starting to eat (the feeding center). |
| Maslow's hierarchy of needs | The concept that more basic needs must be met before higher-level motives become active. |
| motivation | The internal state or condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts, feelings, and actions. |
| motive for affiliation | The need to be with other people and to have personal relationships. |
| optimal level of arousal | The apparent human need for a comfortable level of stimulation, achieved by acting in ways that increase or decrease it. |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | We perform our best when we are optimally aroused. |
| ventromedial hypothalamus | A part of the hypothalamus involved in inhibiting eating when sufficient food has been consumed (the satiety center). |
| instinct | Complex behavior that's rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. |
| drive-reduction theory | The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
| homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced/constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
| glucose | The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
| set point | The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder in which normal-weight person (usually adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or higher) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
| bulimia nervosa | Eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
| refractory period | Resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. |
| estrogen | A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
| testosterone | Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty. |
| sexual orientation | Enduring sexual attraction toward a type of person |
| flow | A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. |
| Arousal Theory | We chase things that are interesting. We want to ↓ drives, but ↑ arousal. To perform well, we want to be aroused but not too much (Yerkes-Dodson) |
| Belongingness Motive | We want to belong to a group. |
| Harry Harlow | His research suggested that babies choose comfort over food. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | Calories burned to maintain basic body functions @ rest |
| Pica Disorder | Compulsively eating non-food items. |
| Overjustification Effect | 1.) Doing something intrinsically. 2.) Start getting rewarded extrinsically. 3.) Gradually, the intrinsic enjoyment disappears, replaced by extrinsic motivation. |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | Choosing btw. Two Good options (An Apple or an Orange) |
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict | Choosing btw. Two Bad options (Getting punched or getting kicked) |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | Deciding whether or not to choose an option with both + and - aspects. |
| Double (Multiple) Approach-Avoidance Conflict | Deciding btw. Two (or more) options, both with + and – aspects (Drive to Orlando or Fly?) |
