| A | B |
|---|
| personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. |
| free association | in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious mind, in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. |
| psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's theory of personality; attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; techniques used in treating psychological disorders expose and interpret unconscious tensions. |
| unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories; according to contemporary psychology it is where we process information of which we are unaware. |
| id | contains our unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Operates on the pleasure principle. |
| pleasure principle | if not constrained by reality, the id seeks immediate gratification. |
| ego | largely conscious "executive" that mediates among that demands of the id and the superego and reality. Operates on reality principle. |
| reality principle | seeks to gratify id's impulses in realistic way that will bring long-term pleasure rather than pain and destruction. |
| superego | part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and future aspirations. (the conscience) |
| psychosexual stages | childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure energies focus on erogenous zones. |
| oral stage | psychosexual stage from birth to 18 months; pleasure centers on the mouth. |
| anal stage | psychosexual stage from 18-36 months; pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control. |
| phallic stage | psychosexual stage from 3-6 years; pleasure zone on genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings. |
| latency stage | psychosexual stage from 6 years to puberty; dormant sexual feelings. |
| genital stage | psychosexual stage from puberty on; maturation of sexual interests. |
| Oedipus Complex | boy's sexual desires toward mother and feelings of jealousy toward father as proposed by Freud. |
| Electra Complex | parallel counterpart to Oedipus Complex in girls. |
| identification | process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superego's, |
| fixation | the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| projective tests | a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. |
| Thematic Apperception Test | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | most widely used projective test, a set ot 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identity people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. |
| self-actualization | according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after all other needs are met; the motivation to fulfill one's potential. |
| unconditional positive regard | according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. |
| traits | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. |
| Eysenck | 2 personality dimensions; extrovert/introvert & emotional stability/instability. |
| Myers-Briggs | Puts you in four categories (ex: ESFP) 16 possible combinations |
| Minnesota multiphasic Personality Inventory | most widely researched and used test; originally used to identify emotional disorder but also used for personality inventory |
| Big 5 Factors | Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion |
| Social-Cognitive | views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context. |
| reciprocal determinism | interacting influences between personality and environmental factors. |
| external locus of control | the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's control determine one's fate. |
| internal locus of control | perception that one control's one's own fate. |
| learned helplessness | hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |
| Manifest Content | What we dream about |
| Latent Content | The hidden meaning of a dream |
| Personal Unconscious | Jung: Our own memories, urges, shames, etc. |
| Collective Unconscious | Universal subconscious ideas that all humans seem to have. |
| Archetype | A common theme found in each culture. (Birth, Death, god(s), The Afterlife) |
| Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian, Birth Order Characteristics,Inferiority Complex |
| Inferiority Complex | We strive for greatness to make up for our shortcomings. |
| Karen Horney | Neo-Freudian, Womb Envy |
| Abraham Maslow | Humanist - Hierarchy of Needs |
| Carl Rogers | Humanist - Unconditional Positive Regard, Real Self, Ideal Self |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | Rogers: Love your kids no matter what. |
| Real Self | Rogers: Who we are |
| Ideal Self | Rogers: Who we want to be |
| George Kelly | Cognitivist: Personal Constructs |
| Personal Constructs | Set of bipolar categories we use to compare everything in our world. (Happy v. Sad) |
| Albert Bandura | Cognitivist - Bobo Doll, Self-Efficacy, Collective Efficacy |
| Self-Efficacy | Belief that we are competent. |
| Walter Mischel | Cognitivist - Personal Signatures |
| Personal Signatures | Consistent ways we respond to the environment as individuals. |
| Marshmallow Test | How old does a child need to be to reliably exercise self-control? |
| Julian Rotter | Cognitivist - Locus of Control |
| Cardinal Trait | Trait that dominates our personality. |
