| A | B |
|---|
| symbioses | five major types of close interactions among species, predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, and commensalism |
| predator | the indiviual that captures, kills, and consumes another individual |
| prey | the individual that is captured, killed, and comsumes, by the predator |
| herbivores | animals that eat plants |
| secondary compounds | chemicals that are synthesized from products of thier metabolism that are poisonous, irritating, or bad-tasting |
| parasitism | species interaction that resembles predation in that one individual is harmed while the other individual benefits |
| parasite | the individual that feeds on the other individual |
| host | the individual that does not benefit for parasitism and instead is eaten by the parasite |
| ectoparasites | external parasites, that live on their host but do not enter the host's body |
| endoparasites | internal parasites, that live inside the host's body |
| competiton | the use of the same limited resources by two or more species resulting from fundamental niche overlap |
| competitive exclusion | situations in which one species is eliminated from a community because of competition for the same limited resource |
| character displacement | natural selection favors differences between potential competitors, these differences are often greatest where the ranges of potential competitors overlap |
| resource partitioning | when similar species coexist, each species uses only part of the available resource |
| mutualism | cooperative relationship in which both species derive some benefit |
| pollinators | animals that carry pollen |
| commensalism | an interaction in which one species benefits and the other is not affected |
| species richness | the number of species a community contains |
| species diversity | the number of species in the community to the related abundance of each species |
| species area effect | larger areas usually contain more species than smaller areas do |
| stability | how resistant a community is to change |
| succession | the gradual sequential regrowth of species in an area |
| primary succession | the development of a community in an area that has not supported life previously |
| secondary succession | sequential replacement of species that follows disruption of an existing community |
| climax community | the point where a community has proceeded through a predictable series of stages and has reached a stable point |
| pioneer species | the species that dominates early in succession |
| mimicry | a harmless species resembles a poisonous or distasteful species |
